高考英语听力短对话答题技巧

1.数字题型
1）有关读数的题目。
(1)对数字的敏感程度，即多位数，分数，小数，百分数的正确读法。例如：576,328,490 读作 five hundred and seventy-six million three hundred and twenty-eight thousand four hundred and ninety;1/3 读作one third 2/5 读作 two fifths 78% 读作 seventy-eight percent
(2)对时间的正确读法。例如：5: 45 读作 five forty-five 或 a quarter to six;7: 30 读作 seventy thirty 或 half past seven。
(3)对日期的正确读法。例如：1909年9月9日读作 September the ninth，nineteen o nine;2001年1月22日读作January the twenty-second,the year two thousand one。
(4)对电话号码的正确读法。例如：63579088读作six three five seven nine o/zero double eight。
(5)对航班号，街道，房间号，金额等的正确读法。例如：Fight 806 读作Flight eight o six。
2）在听懂数字的基础上，进行一些简单运算的能力。例如： W：Here’s a twenty-dollar note, give me two tickets for tomorrow’s concert, please. M：Sure. Two tickets and here’s $7.40 change. Q：How much does one ticket cost? (B) A. $5.40 B. $6.30 C. $6.40 D. $12.60
这道题目的关键在于听到的四个数字：twenty, two,7.40和one。对话的双方谈论的是两张票和找回的钱，而题目问的是一张票的价钱。除了要听懂听清以外，还要快速地进行计算。
此外，掌握常用的特殊疑问词，有助于迅速地找出题目的关键词，并作出正确的判断： What time…, When…, How long…, How much…, How many…, How far…, How often…, How soon…
2.地点型题
在这类题目中，往往不能直接听到对话中出现关键的地名。必须根据对话情节来推断事件发生的地点。做这类题目的时候需要：
1)熟悉一些与常考地点相关的词。例如：
饭店，旅馆：waiter, tip, check, menu, soup, salad, check in/out, book, room, reception, order, drink, steak, beef, cafeteria, cream, hamburger, beer, etc.
邮局，银行：post office, stamp, mail, package, postage,postcard, letter, parcel, bank, cash, account, savings, check,etc.
法院，医院：court, judge, crime, criminal, lawyer, sentence,admit, doctor, patient, operation, medicine, temperature,headache, dentist, symptom, treatment, cure, blood, etc.
加油站，商店：fill it up, check the oil, change,expensive,cheap, petrol, price, fashion, suit, afford, etc.
学校：campus, teacher, exam, mark, homework, subject, etc.
车站，飞机场，海关：stop, ticket, subway,plane customs, visa, platform, flight, etc.
2)把对话中人物的身份和关系作为判断基础，然后再与对话情节结合起来。
3)注意一些介词和地点名词的组合，以及一些表示方位的词。例如:
W: These tomatoes are dry. You must have watered them a lot. M: Yes, I did. They ought to be ripe enough to pick by next weekend when we have our picnic. Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place? A. In a kitchen B. In a garden C. In an orchard D. At a picnic
4)熟悉这类题目常见的发问句型。例如：Where did the conversation take place?
3.职业与身份型题
与地点型题一样，职业与身份型题也是往往不能直接从对话了解对话双方的职业，身份，国籍与双方之间的关系。必须根据对话中的关键词，对话的内容，对话发生的地点，对话双方的语气来作推断。这类题目经常碰到的有：teacher and student, doctor and patient, shop assistant and customer, mother and son, driver and passenger, boss and secretary等。每一个行业有它的特点：每一个人在不同的场合有不同的角色，说不同的话。如：2003年秋的考题中有这样一个题目：
M: Could you have Jane Smith come in for an interview? W: Sure, I will call her up immediately, sir. Q: What is the probably relationship between the two speakers? A. Interviewer and interviewee B. Teacher and student C. Doctor and nurse D. Boss and secretary
其中男士对女士提出要求，让她叫Jane Smith来进行面试，而女士说会这样做的，男士是要求的口吻，女士是应允的口气，又和面试有关，所以我们选D项。再比如：
W: Can you make me a counter four feet high and three feet wide? M: Sure. How many shelves do you need? Q: What most probably is the man’s occupation? A. A shoe maker B. A carpenter C. A tailor D: A gardener 显然，A正确答案。
4.婉转表达和推断内涵型题
这类题型有两种常见的形式：一种是对于一方提出的问题或谈到的看法，另一方出于礼貌或谦虚等因素，不直接了当的回答，而是采取婉转的方式表达自己的想法;另一种是双方对话后有第三者提出问题。这些问题一般很难从对话中直接找出答案，要看它的内涵是什么，要经过判断分析和逻辑推理后，才能做出正确的选择。这就要求在听懂对话内容的基础上，根据字里行间，上下文，语气，语境，句子结构等多种因素来判断和理解当事人的意向，态度，以及对话发生的地点，原因等。这类问题常见的提问方式有：
What does the man/woman imply? What does the man/woman think about…? What are the man and woman talking about/discussing? What’s the man’s .woman’s attitude/opinion…? What do we learn from…? What can be concluded about the man/woman? What conclusion can be drawn from the conversation? For example: W: I think it’s high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving now. M: I can’t agree with you. You see, countless innocent people are killed by the drunk drivers each year. Q: What does the woman mean? A: Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers. B: She does not agree with the man.. C: Drunk drivers are not guilty. D: People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.
例如： M: Would you mind if I open the window? We need some fresh air. W: We also need to keep it quiet in here. Q: What does the woman mean? A.The air is fresh. B. It’s hot inside. C. The window is open. D. It’s noisy outside.
因为对话中女士说：We also need to keep it quiet in here. 说明女士不同意开窗。因为外面太吵，所以我们选择D项。
5.同意重述型题
相同的意思在对话中和选项中分别用不同话语结构的句子加以表达，就是同意重述。这类题目在其内容上会包含前面提到的内容，如时间题，推理题等，但这类题目通常需要熟悉一种意思的不同表达法及其常用的各种句型。熟悉和掌握这种题即是从一个更直接的角度去解题。 比如：
W: Did you see last night’s film on Channel 8? M: Well, I meant to see it, but a friend of mine came to see me. We had a nice long talk about our school days. Q: What did the man do last night? ( B ) A .He watched television with his friend. B .He stayed at home talking with his friend. C .He went to see s film with his friend. D .He went to see his friend.
6.综合题型
这类考题主要有Which of the statements is true 或not true?/ What can we conclude / infer from this conversation?在做Which of the following statements is true?这类题目时往往每一个信息是一点点出来的。当第一个人讲完时，有的选项正确与否就可以判断了，等第二个人讲完时，应该能判断出这道题的答案。而做What can we conclude / infer from the conversation?的题目时，往往需要全局观念。如：
W: Does Ben really want the scholarship he’s applied for? M: No one wants the scholarship more than Ben. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? A .Ben really wants the scholarship. B .No one wants the scholarship. C .Ben is not interested in the scholarship. D .Others like the scholarship more than Ben.
从对话第二句中可知其意应是 “没有人再比Ben更想要这份奖学金了。” 所以选项为A。
对话的单独解题的技巧在阐述题型时，已经有了说明。那么，该如何提高准确率呢?下面将介绍一些有效的方法：
1.掌握常用词汇，平时要注重词汇的积累，并要善于抓住关键词。
2.从语气，语调，语音等方面进行判断。
3.学会记录重要信息，尤其是数字。
4.学会运用猜测的方法，根据上下文猜出。
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