这类题目要求考生在理解全文大意的基础上，对短文做出总结或概括性的评价。这种题目要求考生不仅能确切把握文中的事实和细节，而且更要透彻理解短文主旨。有的时候还要求对作者写作的意图、观点进行剖析，甚至推测作者的语气、态度等。在表现形式上常采用下列句式：
From the story, we can say/see _________.
According to (根据) the passage, we know that ____________.
The title (标题) of the passage / can be _______________.
The writer tells us _________.
From the story we can see ／learn__________.
The main idea of this passage is ___________.
What is this passage about？
请看下面的例文：
Have you ever heard your own voice? “Of course,” you say.
Has anyone else ever heard your voice? Again you say, “Of course.”
But that’s not quite true. Nobody else has ever heard your voice—the way you hear it. When you talk, you set up sound waves (声波). The air outside your head carries the sound waves to your outer ears. But, of course, the sound of your voice begins inside your head. The bones (骨头) of your head pick up the sound waves, too. They carry the sound waves straight to your inner(里面的) ears. You get the
初中化学 sound from the outside and the inside too. Other people get just the sound waves from the outside. That’s why they don’t hear your voice the way you do.
1. Sound travels in the form (形式) of __________.
A. bones B. air C. waves D. voice
2. The sound of your voice begins ________.
A. inside your head B. outside your head
C. in your inner ears D. in your outer ears
3. When you talk, other people hear your voice _______.
A. through the bones of your head B. from the outside
C. from the inside D. all of the above
4. The phrase “pick up” here means ________.
A. to raise B. to get C. to choose D. to pull
5. The passage is mainly about _________.
A.waves in the air
B. the way you hear your own voice
C. voice gets around far and wide
D. the different ways you and others hear your voice
(选自2003年扬州市中题)
【分析】这篇阅读材料所讲的是我们每个人都熟悉的事。答案分别是：1.C 2. A 3. B 4.B 5. D。
下面我们就来着重分析一下考查归纳主旨的第5小题。通读全文，我们知道短文的大意是：别人听到我们声音的方式与我们自己听到的方式是不同的。周围的空气将我们说话时发出的声波传送到外耳。由于声音是从头的内部发出来的，我们自己的头骨也受到声波的振动，并直接将声波传送到内耳里。这也就是说，我们自己是从外部和内部两处同时听到声音的。而别人则不然，他们只是从外部接收到我们发出的声波。根据短文提供的以上信息，不难看出，这篇短文的主旨是“自己和别人听到自己声音的方式是不同的”。所以答案为D。
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