逍遥学能 2014-04-07 18:37
2014高考英语理解巩固精品题练习（3）及答案
理解-----真题试做
(2012?湖南高考，B篇)
Still seeking a destination for your weekend break？There are soe places which are probably a ere walk away fro your college.
King's Art Centre
A day at the Centre could ean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the ost interesting conteporary artists on show anywhere.This weekend sees the opening of an exhibition of four local artists.
You could attend a class teaching you how to ‘learn fro the asters’ or get ore creative with paint—free of charge.
The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a sall fee.
The Botanic Garden
The Garden has over 8,000 plant species；it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cabridge University.
The ultibranched Torch Aloe here is ipressive.The African plant produces red flowers above bluegreen leaves，and is not one to iss.
Get to the display house to see Dionaea uscipula，a plant ore coonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and other sall anials.
The Garden is also a place for wildlifeenthusiasts.Look for grass snakes in the lake.A snake called ‘Hissing Sid’ is regularly seen lying in the heat of the war sun.
Byron's Pool
any stories surround Lord Byron's tie as a student of Cabridge University.Arriving in 1805，he wrote a letter coplaining that it was a place of “ess and drunkenness”．However，it sees as though Byron did anage to pass the tie pleasantly enough.I' not just talking about the pet bear he kept in his roos.He spent a great deal of tie walking in the village.
It is also said that on occasion Byron swa naked by oonlight in the lake，which is now known as Byron's Pool.A couple of iles past Grantchester in the south Cabridgeshire countryside，the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields.The cries of invisible birds ake the trip a lovely experience and on the way hoe you can drop into the village for afternoon tea.If you don't trust e，then perhaps you'll take it fro Virginia Woolf—over a century after Byron，she reportedly took a trip to swi in the sae pool.
61．As entioned in the passage，there is a sall charge for ______.
A．attending the asters' class
B．working with local artists
C．learning life drawing
D．seeing an exhibition
62．“Torch Aloe” and “Venus Flytrap” are ______.
A．coon insects B．ipressive plants
C．rarelyseen snakes D．wildlifeenthusiasts
63．We can infer fro the passage that Byron seeed ______.
A．to fear pet bearsB．to like walking
C．to be a heavy drinkerD．to finish university in 1805
64．In the passage Byron's Pool is described as a lake ______.
A．surrounded by fieldsB．owned by Lord Byron
C．located in GrantchesterD．discovered by Virginia Woolf
65．What is the passage ainly about?
A．Soe places for weekend break.
B．A way to becoe creative in art.
C．The colourful life in the countryside.
D．Unknown stories of Cabridge University.
真题试做
61．C 细节理解题。根据第一则广告中最后一句“The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a sall fee.”可知，此处C项正确。
62．B 细节理解题。根据第二则广告中第二段首句“The ultibranched Torch Aloe here is ipressive. The African plant...”可知，Torch Aloe是一种植物。根据第三段中“...，a plant ore coonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and...”可知，Venus Flytrap也是一种植物。故B项正确。
63. B 细节理解题。根据第三则广告中第一段最后一句“He spent a great deal of tie walking in the village.”可知，他花了大量时间在村子里散步。故此处B项正确。
64．A 细节理解题。根据第三则广告中第二段“A couple of iles past Grantchester in the south Cabridgeshire countryside, the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields.(拜伦潭位于剑桥郡南部乡村格兰切斯特几英里处，周围是环绕田野的美丽的环形小路)”可知A项正确，排除B、C项。根据最后一句“...Virginia Woolf—over a century after Byron, she reportedly took a trip to swi in the sae pool.”可知弗吉尼亚?伍尔芙并不是发现拜伦潭的人，只是继拜伦之后，在此游过泳，故排除D项。
65．A 主旨大意题。根据首句“Still seeking a destination for your weekend break？There are soe places which are probably a ere walk away fro your college.”可知，这三则广告都是提供给大学生周末休闲的。故A项正确。
C7[2013?安徽卷] B
Using too uch water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that huans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You ay wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less usable fresh water. A ajor part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not coe fro lakes or rivers.It coes fro underground. The ore roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to becoe groundwater.
Huan activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺). Drier cliates are of course ore likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with ore rainfall，but in any case, good anageent can help to ake sure there is enough water to eet our basic needs.
Thinking about the way we use water every day can ake a big difference，too. In the United States，a faily of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how uch we depend on water to live，but there's a lot we can do to lower the nuber.
You can take steps to save water in your hoe.To start with，use the sae glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher (洗碗机)only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your hoe. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing the away.
60．Which of the following is ost likely to lead to less groundwater?
A．Using river water.
B．Throwing batteries away.
C．Paving parking lots.
D．Throwing rubbish into lakes.
61．What can be inferred fro the text?
A．All water shortages are due to huan behavior.
B．It takes a lot of effort to eet our water needs.
C．There is uch we can do to reduce faily size.
D．The average faily in Aerica akes proper use of water.
62．The last paragraph is intended to ________．
A．show us how to fix leaks at hoe
B．tell us how to run a dishwasher
C．prove what drinking glass is best for us
D．suggest what we do to save water at hoe
63. The text is ainly about ________．
A．why paving roads reduces our water
B．how uch we depend on water to live
C．why droughts occur ore in dry cliates
D．how huan activity affects our water supply
【要点综述】 人类活动对地球水资源供给的影响巨大，人类应该通过调整自身的活动方式来改变自身的生存环境。
60．C 细节理解题。根据第一段“The ore roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to becoe groundwater.”可知，铺设马路、停车场会导致地下水减少，而A、B、D三项都会导致水的供应量减少，而不是地下水减少，故排除。
61．B 推理。根据第二段中的“good anageent”、第三段中的“the way we use water every day”，以及第四段中的“take steps to save water in your hoe”可知，为满足我们用水的需求，需要做的努力还有很多。
62．D 推理。根据题干中的关键词“last paragraph”定位到该段第一句“You can take steps to save water in your hoe.”，且它后面的内容都是围绕这个主题句展开的。
63．D 主旨大意题。根据题干中的关键词“ainly about”定位到全文的内容。第一段讲的是“铺设马路、停车场会导致地下水减少”，后三段讲述了“为了满足我们的用水需求，我们能做些什么”。所有这些讲的都是人类活动对地球水资源供给的影响，故选D。
阅读理解考向分析
分析近几年高考试题，可以发现阅读理解题呈现如下特点：
1．选材真实，题材、体裁多样
材料大多为时文，与社会日常生活息息相关，情景真实、明确，具有浓厚的时代气息。这种关注实际生活的选材特点已呈现出明显的增强趋势。
题材多样化，信息丰富，包括日常生活、科普、社会、文化、政治、经济、新闻、史地、人物传记等等；体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等。
2．阅读量、信息量大
考查阅读能力的一个重要方面是阅读速度，较大的阅读量、信息量对考生的阅读技能是一种有效的检测方法。
近几年高考试题都保持了较大的词汇量，所涉及的内容广泛而深刻，对于词汇能力的考查也继续保持了较高的要求，为考生提供了施展阅读才能的机会和开阔的思维空间。
3．语篇结构复杂
阅读材料基本保留了其原有的语言风格，语篇结构也有一定难度。作者在阐述问题时都使用多种技巧和修辞方法，的展开不全是平铺直叙，而是间有倒叙、插叙等多种方式。行文的跳跃程度较大，陈述次序富于变化，隐含信息较多，再加上阅读材料的文化含量加大，的遣词造句趋于地道，因此，许多文段读起来感到“生涩”，有时读懂了文字，但不一定能够立刻领悟语篇的意思，常常要反复阅读几遍才能读懂。
4．语言难度较大
具体表现在语句的长度、措辞的灵活性、一定的生词量以及替代和省略手法的运用上。
简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象随处可见，而且多种时态混用。词汇运用要求更高，活用词比比皆是，一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。
5．题型设置合理
设题手法更加灵活，设题方式呈多样化的趋势，不仅考查对文中特定信息的理解和把握，还涉及的主旨要义、作者的态度意图等深层理解题。题型以细节理解题为主，对推理判断题和主旨大意题的考查呈上升趋势。
阅读理解答题步骤
1．快速浏览，掌握大意
快速浏览，抓住中心大意以及的结构。浏览时不要急于做题，而要注意抓住主要信息，迅速把握大意和中心思想，了解全貌。同时通览题目，研究题目要求及选项，弄清问题所指。有的问题是针对中的一句话设计的，有的是针对一段话所陈述的事实设计的，有的是针对整篇设计的。对所提问题做到心中有数，为下一步阅读做好针对性的准备。
2．细读全文，找准信息
抓住大意、明确解题的目标后，带着问题仔细阅读。敏锐捕捉隐含在文中的有关信息词和信息句，推敲其中的关键词语，结合上下文把握语句的含义，排除文中不存在、片面或不合逻辑的选项，作出正确选择。做题时要本着先易后难的原则，对于比较明显的，有把握的题可立刻作出选择；对于难题，要在中仔细查阅，认真琢磨，找出确凿的依据，运用逻辑推理，准确选出符合要求的最佳答案。
3．复读检查，验证答案
答案选出之后，快速阅读原文，重点放在与题目有关的词语、句子和段落上，核查答案，力求答案准确无误。尤其是感觉把握不大、选择时有些困难的题目，要对照原文与选项，看看是否一致、是否合乎情理、合乎逻辑。
阅读理解技法指导
历年的高考阅读理解试题，基本上可分为四类题目：细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题。
1．细节理解题
细节理解题常见的命题方式有以下几种：
(1)Which of the following is NOT included/entioned in the passage?
(2)Which of the following (sentences/stateents) is NOT true according to the passage?
(3)According to the passage，all of the following are true except/but ______.
(4)The author entions all of the following except ______.
(5)In the passage，the author states that ______.
(6)According to the passage，when (where，why，how，who，etc.)．..
(7)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
(8)Which of the following aps/diagras gives the right position of...?
(9)Which of the drawings below gives an idea of...?
如：(2012?湖南高考，A篇)
What akes a gift special？Is it the price you see on the gift receipt？Or is it the look on the recipient's face when they receive it that deterines the true value？What gift is worth the ost?
This Christas I was debating what to give y father.y dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything.I pulled out y phone to read a text essage fro y o saying that we were leaving for Christas shopping for hi when I cae across a essage on y phone that I had locked.The essage was fro y father.y eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoing，and underneath a poe by Willia Blake.The flower，a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky，inspired e.y dad had been reciting those words to e since I was a kid.That ay even be the reason why I love writing.I decided that those words would be y gift to y father.
I called back.I told y o to go without e and that I already created y gift.I sent the photo of the creacolored flower to y coputer and typed the poe on top of it.As I was arranging the details another poe cae to ind.The poe was written by Edgar Allan Poe；y dad recited it as uch as he did the other.I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it.The poe was focused around dreaing，and after searching I found the perfect picture.The iage was painted with blues and greens and purples，twisting together to create the thee and wonder of a drea.As I watched both poes passing through the printer，the white paper coloring with words that shaped y childhood.I felt that this was a gift that y father would truly appreciate.
Christas soon arrived.The inute I saw the look on y dad's face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frae，I knew I had given the perfect gift.
56．The idea for a special gift began to for when the author was ______.
A．doing shopping
B．having a debate
C．reading a essage
D．leaving for Wyoing
剖析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“I pulled out y phone to read a text essage fro y o saying that we were leaving for Christas shopping for hi when I cae across...”可知，作者在读母亲发的手机短信时有了给父亲买一份特殊礼物的想法。故C项正确。
57．The author's inspiration for the gift cae fro ______.
A．a photo of a flower
B．a story about a kid
C．a call fro the other
D．a text about Christas
剖析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句及第六句中的“The flower...inspired e.” 可知作者在读手机短信时无意中发现一张鲜花配有小诗的相片，这给了作者灵感。故A项正确。
59．The author ade the gift by ______.
A．searching for the poes online
B．drawing the background by hand
C．painting the letters in three colors
D．atching the words with pictures
剖析：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后可以看出，作者选中了Edgar Allan Poe的一首诗后又精挑细选了一张图片然后涂色，以制造出诗歌所表达的主题最终将其打印作为给父亲的礼物。故D项正确。
细节理解题大多是根据中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容进行分析才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
这类题目较为容易，做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。
C7[2013?安徽卷] D
“People are ruder today because they are rushed and ore ‘tie poor’ than ever before，” says Patsy Rowe, “anners_have_fallen_off_the_radar(雷达)．” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipent it is a wonder ore people don't wake up each orning and greet the singing birds with a coplaint(抱怨)about the noise. Here are soe exaples of rudeness.
Soe people prefer to do alost everything over the Internet. To the, dealing with an actual huan is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because huans don't work at 4G speeds. When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice soeone paying ore attention to his obile phone. We have prograed ourselves to think that every new essage brings life－changing news, so taking calls and checking our texts are ore iportant than talking to the people we are with. What is worse, soe people even tend to send anonyous(匿名的) rude essages by eail.
However, rudeness is never acceptable. Don't assue it is OK to be rude if the person you're in touch with won't recognize you. If you have soething awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or eail and sign it, or forget it. Upsetting people with unsigned essages is cruel and disgusting.
We shouldn't blae technology for our shortcoings.Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An iportant step is acknowledging our shortcoings.People spend a lot of tie pointing out bad anners but it would be even ore helpful if we'd publicly acknowledge good anners when we see the.
68．What can be inferred fro the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?
A．People can tell good fro bad behavior.
B．Radar is able to observe huan behavior.
C．People care little about their behavior.
D．Radar can be used to predict huan behavior.
69．Soe people are less willing to deal with huans because ________．
A．they are becoing less patient
B．they are growing too independent
C．they have to handle any iportant essages
D．they have to follow an evolutionary step backward
70．The author thinks sending unsigned awful essages is ________．
A．ridiculous B．disgusting
C．acceptable D．reasonable
71．What can we learn fro the last paragraph?
A．We should applaud good behavior.
B．Technology can never be blaed.
C．We should keep pointing out istakes.
D．Technology will take over our lives one day.
【要点综述】 科技的发展改变了人们的生活方式。许多人变得冷酷无礼了，他们不愿意与别人交流，整天宅在家里上网。
68．C 句意理解题。根据第一段“People are ruder today because they are rushed and ore ‘tie poor' than ever before”可知，“现在的人变得更加没有礼貌”，而画线句是对该句作补充说明的，意思是“现在的人们不注意自己的行为举止(礼貌行为用雷达都探测不到)”，故选C。
69．A 推理判断题。根据题干中“less willing to deal with huans”定位到第二段中第二、三句内容。由此可知，有些人不愿意跟人打交道是嫌人太慢(feels very slow)，达不到4G速度(don't work at 4G speeds)。也就是说，这些人变得缺乏耐心。故选A。
70．B 细节理解题。根据题干中“unsigned awful essages”定位到第三段最后一句“Upsetting people with unsigned essages is cruel and disgusting.”。由线索定位中的句子可知，发一些不署名的恶俗信息很令人厌烦。
71．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“…it would be even ore helpful if we'd publicly acknowledge good anners when we see the.”可知，作者认为，我们应该为那些礼貌行为喝彩。故选A。