逍遥学能 2017-07-14 15:44
◆fact n.
1. 除极个别的介词(如 except, but, in等)外,一般的介词之后均不能直接接 that 从句。如要接,通常的做法是,借助 the fact that 这一结构。如:
She remembered nothing (about him) except that he livesin Paris. 她(对他)什么都不记得,只记得他住在巴黎。
法官根本不理会她刚刚失去丈夫这事实。
误:The judge paid no attention to that she had just lost her husband.
正:The judge paid no attention to the fact that she had just lost her husband.
2. 为了避免直接用从句放在句首作主语(因为这样显得头重脚轻且太正式),常用“the fact+that-从句”这一结构作主语。如:
The fact that he has no girl-friends worried him a lot. 他没有女朋友,这事使他很伤脑筋。
注:在“the fact+that-从句”这一结构中,that 引导的是同位语从句,其中的that 不能换为 which。 3. 用于 in fact / as a matter of fact, 意为“事实上”、“实际上”。如:
In fact, he didn’t come at all. 事实上他根本没有来。
A:You must have told her about it today. 你今天一定把情 况告诉她了。
B:As a matter of fact, I haven’t. 事实上我还没有。
◆fail v.
1. 表示“失败”,通常是不及物动词。表示在某一方面失败,通常用介词 in。如:
He failed in business. 他经商失败。
He failed in everything he tried. 他想的一切办法都没成功。
2. 表示“(考试)不及格”,fail 可用作及物或不及物动词(以及物动词为多见),所以以下各例中 fail 后的介词in 均可以省略: He failed (in) his driving-test. 他驾驶考试没及格。
She failed (in) her exams again. 她考试又没有及格。
有时表示“使某人不及格”(及物)。如:
The teacher failed half the class. 老师让班上一半的学生未能及格。
注:在现代英语中,有时也用介词 on。如:
I passed the written paper but failed on my oral. 我的书面考试通过了,但口语考试没有及格。
The teacher failed me on the written paper. 老师给我的笔试评了个不及格。
3. 其后可接不定式,意为“不能”、“没有”、“忘记”等。如:
He failed to pass the exam. 他考试没有及格。
He failed to get there on time. 他未能准时赶到那儿。
Don’t fail to ring me up. 别忘记给我打电话。
表示“不能成功地做某事”,有时可后接 in doing sth。比较:
他未能说服她。
正:He failed to persuade her.
正:He failed in persuading her.