Our Body and Healthy Habits单元学案

ⅠWord Study
1. diet:
(1) n[c].sort of food that is usually eaten by a person, community, etc; limited variety or amount of food that a person is allowed to eat, e.g. for medical reasons or in order to lose weight.日常饮食；规定食谱（如为治疗疾病或减轻体重）
e.g.
A balanced diet is good for our health. 均衡的饮食对我们的健康有好处。
My daughter doesn’t like a rich diet. 我女儿不喜欢油腻的饮食。
(2) vi. (be allowed) to eat only some foods or a little food, especially to lose weight.只（准）吃某类食物或少量食物；（尤指为减轻体重）节食
e.g.
I advise you to diet and take more exercise. 我建议你节食并多锻炼身体。
(3)常用短语：
be on a diet/go on a diet节食
e.g.
The doctor said I should be on a diet. 大夫说我应该节食。
She decided to go on a low-fat diet from this Monday. 她决心从本周一开始进行低脂肪的饮食疗法。
(4)辨析：food和diet
二者均表示食物; 但food是一般用语，指任何可吃的东西，diet通常指维持健康的特定或定量的饮食；diet是可数名词，food是不可数名词，但在强调种类时为可数名词。
e.g.
Many westerners like Chinese food.许多西方人喜欢中国食物。
Dad didn’t want my little sister to go on a diet though she was very heavy then.爸爸不想让我的小妹妹减肥尽管她那时很胖。
构词解析：
diet: n 饮食，日常食物 ；dieter: n 接受食物疗法的人；减肥者；dietary: adj 饮食的，规定饮食的
Practice
Put the following sentences into Chinese.
1. She didn’t eat much dinner because she is on a diet now.
________________________________________________
2. The doctor told him to take a fat-free diet
________________________________________________
Key for reference
1．她这顿饭没吃多少，因为她现在正在节食。
2．大夫让他进行无脂饮食疗法。
2. fit:
(1).adj. in good health, especially because of regular physical exercise; suitable or suited for sb/sth; good enough for sb/sth. 健康的；适宜的；合适的
e.g.
Don’t you feel fit? 你身体状况不好吗？
The water isn’t fit to drink.这水不适合喝。
(2). vi, vt to be the right size and shape for someone or something; to put a small piece of equipment into a place, or a new part onto a machine, so that it is ready to be used合适；安装
e.g.
This jacket fits her well.她的夹克非常合身。
She fitted a new lamp in her bedroom.她在卧室安装了一盏新灯。
(3)常用短语：
keep fit 保持健康
be fit for.../be fit to do...适合做......
e.g.
My grandfather keeps fit by taking a walk every day. 我祖父通过每天散步来保持健康。
What kind of job is he fit for? 他适合做什么样的工作？
(4).词语辨析：fit 和suit
①fit作动词时，多指大小、形状合适，吻合；suit多指合乎需要，合（某人）之意，或（衣服、型式等）与......相配。
②fit 作形容词时，可与suitable（合适的）互换，be fit for/to do...=be suitable for/to do...。
e.g.
Try this key and see whether it fits. 试试这把钥匙，看看是否合适。（指the key 和the keyhole是否吻合）
I’m afraid this time doesn’t suit me. 恐怕这个时间对我来说不合适。
构词解析：
fit, vt vi合适；adj.合适的；n 合身；合身的衣服；fitness, n, 适当，适合；健康；unfit adj.不适当的；vt.使不适当
Practice
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Her jeans suit a little bit tighter. ________
2. The color of the shirt doesn’t fit you.__________
Key for reference
1. suit改成fit，（她的牛仔裤有点紧）
2. fit 改成suit（这件衬衫的颜色不适合你）
3. rare. adj. not often happening or seen, etc; unusual稀有的；珍贵的
rarely adv, not often, seldom 很少；难得
rarely和hardly, never, little, none, nothing等词一样，属于否定意义的词，表否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，后面的句子应该部分倒装，即主语要放在be动词、情态动词、助动词的后面。
e.g.
Snow is quite rare in my hometown.在我的故乡下雪是罕见的。
We should protect rare animals. 我们应该保护珍稀动物。
It is rare for her to wear skirts. 她很少穿裙子。
I rarely watch TV now. 我现在很少看电视。
He is rarely late.他很少迟到。
Rarely does she eat meat. 她很少吃肉。
Rarely do I drink wine these days. 这些天来，我很少喝酒。
构词解析：
rare, adj, 罕见的；稀有的；rarely, adv, 很少；难得；rareness, n, 稀有；珍奇；（空气等的）稀薄
拓展：
表示频率的副词：always总是，usually 通常，frequently/ often经常，sometimes 有时，occasionally 偶尔，seldom/ rarely 很少，never 从不
Practice
Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
1. I have rarely seen such a beautiful sunset.
____ ____ ____ seen such a beautiful sunset.
2. He is rarely ill. ____ ____ ____ ill.
Key for reference
1. Rarely have I
2. Rare is he.
4. toothache n.[c, u] pain in a tooth or teeth. 牙痛
e.g.
I’ve got a toothache.我牙痛。
He had a bad toothache.他的牙痛得厉害。
构词解析：
ache (n) 疼痛，和表示身体部位的单词结合构成复合词，例如：
a headache头痛，(a) toothache 牙痛，(a) backache 背（腰）痛，(an) earache 耳痛，(a) stomachache 胃痛
Practice
Put these sentences in the right order to make up a dialogue.
A.P: I must see the dentist（牙医）now, nurse.
B.N: I’m afraid he can’t. Can’t you wait till this afternoon?
C.P: That’s very late. Can the dentist see me now?
D.N: The dentist is very busy at the moment. Can you come at 2. p.m.?
E.P: I can wait, but my toothache can’t!
1. _____ 2. ______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______
Key for reference
1. __A___ 2. __D_ 3. __C__ 4. ___B__ 5. __E___
5. unhealthy adj. not having or not showing good health；harmful to health不健康的；有害健康的。
e.g.
That is an unhealthy diet. 那是不健康的饮食。
The air in this area is unhealthy for people.这地区的空气对人们的健康不利。
构词解析：
unhealthy. adj. 不健康的; health. n [u] 健康; healthy. adj.健康的
Practice
Complete the following sentences
1.They are well fed so they are very _______. (健康的) .
2.My grandmother enjoys good _______（健康）though she is over 80.
3.Many children in this village look thin, pale and ________.（不健康的）
Key for reference
1. healthy 2. health 3. unhealthy.
6．wealthy adj. having wealth, rich 富裕的；有财产的
e.g.
She wants to marry a wealthy man. 她想嫁一个有钱人。
My goal in life is not to be wealthy because true wealth comes from good health. 我生活中的目标不是变得富有，因为真正的财富来源于好的健康。
构词解析：
wealthy. adj. 富有的; wealth. n.[u] 财富 a wealth of...大量的......
Practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.知识就是财富。
________________________
2.他哥哥是个富裕的生意人。
_________________________
Key for reference
1. Knowledge is wealth.
2. His elder brother is a wealthy businessman.
7．anxious.
(1)adj. feeling anxiety; worried; uneasy ; strongly wishing sth, eager for sth. 忧虑的，不安的；渴望的
e.g.
She is very anxious about her mother’s health.她很担心母亲的健康状况。
We are anxious for your safe return. 我们盼望你平安归来。
(2)常用短语：
be anxious about/for...为......担心
be anxious for sth/to do sth 渴望某事/做某事
be anxious for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事
e.g.
These students were anxious to know the result of the exam.这些学生急于知道考试成绩。
Sophia was anxious for all her friends to attend her birthday party.索菲娅盼望她所有朋友参加她的生日聚会。
构词解析：
anxious. adj. 忧虑的；渴望的; anxiety. n. 忧虑，不安；渴望; anxiously. adv. 忧虑地；渴望地
Practice
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.Ken is anxious to see his girlfriend.
___________________________________________
2.“Are you all right?” she asked anxiously.
___________________________________________
3.I am anxious about her safety.
___________________________________________
4.His great anxiety for knowledge led him to work hard.
___________________________________________
Key for reference
1．肯渴望见到他的女朋友。
_______________________________
2．“你还好吗？”她担心地问道。
_______________________________
3．我担心她的安全。
_______________________________
4．他强烈的求知欲促使他努力学习。
_______________________________
8．injure.
(1) vt. hurt (sb); harm 使受伤；伤害
e.g.
Luckily, he was only slightly injured in this accident.幸运的是，他在这次事故中只受了一点轻伤。
I hope I didn’t injure your feeling.我希望我没有伤害你的感情。
(2) 定冠词(the) + 形容词(adj.)表示一类人或事物，因此，the injured表示“受伤的人`”
e.g.
The number of the injured amounted to over 100. 受伤人数总计一百多。
构词解析：
injure vt 伤害，受伤; injury. n. 伤害，损害; injured. adj. 受伤的，受损害的
词语辨析：
hurt，injure，harm，damage和wound
hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可精神上，感情上的伤害。
e.g.
The driver hurt himself badly in the accident.那位司机在那次事故中伤得很重。
injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的损失。
e.g.
A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。
harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便，还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。
e.g.
Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损害眼睛。
damage主要指对于物的损害，强调对于价值，用途，外观等所造成的损失，这种损失或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成。
e.g.
He damaged my car with a stone.他用石头砸坏了我的汽车。
wound指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的，严重的伤，特指战场上受伤，它可以指肉体上的伤害，也可指人们精神上的创伤。
e.g.
The bullet wounded his arm.子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。
Practice
Complete the following sentences
1. This strong earthquake _______（使受伤）many people in Japan.
2. At least seven people _______ _______ （受伤的）in this explosion.
3. He became disabled as a result of an _______ （伤害) that year.
4. All 21 ________ (受伤的人)were sent to hospital immediately.
Key for reference
1. injured 2. were injured 3. injury 4. injured
9. pain
(1) n suffering; great discomfort of the body or mind疼痛；痛苦
e.g.
The boy was crying with pain.这男孩正因为疼痛而哭着。
The young man broke his arm and cried with pain.那个年轻人摔断手臂，痛得大叫。
固定结构：
be in pain处于疼痛中
e.g.
She is in great pain.她深为痛苦。
(3).vt. to cause to feel pain in the mind, hurt. 使疼痛；使痛苦
e.g.
It pains me to have to leave, but I must.不得不离开，我很痛苦，但是我必须这样。
My foot is still paining me.我的脚还在痛。
(4) pains. n. 辛苦；努力
常用句型：
take pains to do sth: to make a special effort to do sth, or to be very careful in doing sth.不辞劳苦做某事
e.g.
She took great pains to lose weight. 她煞费苦心得减肥。
构词解析：
pain. n; vt. 疼痛；使痛苦; painful. adj. 引起痛苦的；使疼痛的; painless. adj. 无痛的; painfully adv. 疼痛地；痛苦地; painkiller n.止痛药; painstaking adj. 不辞劳苦的
词语辨析：
pain，ache和hurt
这三个词都和疼痛有关。ache和pain多作名词, hurt只能作动词。
作动词时，hurt多用作不及物动词，作及物动词时，表示"（外物）伤害（某人）；使疼痛”；ache为不及物动词，指“(人)身体疼痛”，往往用于持续的疼痛或因一些小病引起的感觉；pain为及物动词，指“（肉体或精神上的）痛苦、悲痛”，比ache要严重些。
e.g.
My injured arm hurts a lot.我受伤的胳膊很疼。
The shoes are tight and hurt my feet.这双鞋很紧使我的脚感到疼痛。
His back pains him much. 他的背很痛。（非外物导致，故本句不宜用hurt）
Practice
Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
1.I have a pain in my head
I have a _______________.
1.She has an earache.
She has _____ ______ ______ ________ _______.
Key for reference
1.headache
2.a pain in his ear.
10. normal
(1)adj, according to what is expected, usual or average; (of a person) developing in the expected way. 正常的，标准的；智力正常的
e.g.
He is a normal child in every way.他在各方面都是一个正常的孩子。
Weeping is a normal response to pain.哭泣是痛苦的正常反应。
(2).常用短语及句型：
above/below normal 高出/低于正常水平
return to normal/ be back to normal 恢复正常
It is normal for sb to do sth做某事对某人来说是正常的
e.g.
Her temperature is above normal.她的体温高于正常标准。
Everything has returned to normal after the earthquake.地震过后，一切已经恢复了正常。
It’s perfectly normal to get depressed sometimes. 有时候心情低沉是完全正常的。
构词解析：
normal. adj. 正常的; normalize. v. 使正常化；使标准化; normally. adv. 通常，一般情形(usually）; normality n. 正常，常态; normalization. n. 标准化；正常化; abnormal. adj. 反常的；不正常的
Practice
Multiple choice.
1. Train services are now back to ____ after last week’s strike(罢工).
A. normal B. normally C. normality D. normalize
2. The factory now is running ____ again.
A. normal B. normally C. normality D. normalize
Key for reference
1. A 2. B.
11．lifestyle n. [c.] [u] a way of living, a way of life.生活方式
e.g.
He has the right to choose his own lifestyle. 他有权选择自己的生活方式。
构词解析：
lifestyle是life(生活)和style(方式)构成的合成词，又如：
hairstyle(hairdo) 发型 lifetime 生涯；终生 lifeboat 救生艇 etc.
Practice
Translate the following compounds into Chinese.
1. lifelike 2. lifelong 3. life-sized 4. lifeguard 5. lifework
Key for reference
1. 生动的，栩栩如生的 2. 终生的，一生的 3.与实物大小一样的4. 救生员 5. 终身事业
12．breathe
(1) vt. vi. .to take (air, gas, etc, ) into the lungs and send it out again.呼吸
e.g.
Fish cannot breathe out of water.鱼离开了水无法呼吸。
The doctor told me to breathe in deeply and breathe out slowly.
医生告诉我先深吸一口气然后慢慢呼出来。
He became ill after breathing (in) coal dust for many years.
因常年吸入煤粉，他病了。
(2)常用短语：
breathe in 吸入；吸气
breathe again/freely （紧张后）松一口气
“breathe”的名词形式”breath”可构成以下短语：
take a deep breath 做一次深呼吸；hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸；save one’s breath 不要白费唇舌；waste one’s breath 浪费唇舌；lose one’s breath 喘不过气来 ；out of breath/ short of breath喘不过气来
构词解析：
breathe v 呼吸；喘气；breath. n. 呼吸；气息；breathless. adj. 喘不过气的；提心吊胆的
Practice
Translate the following into Chinese.
1.He ran so fast that he was out of breath.
_______________________________________
2.Let’s go out and breathe the fresh air.
_______________________________________
3.The patient’s breath grew stronger.
_______________________________________
4.He took a deep breath and jumped into the water.
_______________________________________
Key for reference
1.他跑的太快以至于喘不过气来。
2.咱们出去呼吸新鲜空气吧！
3.病人的呼吸强些了。
4.他深吸了一口气，然后跳入水中。
Ⅱ. Background
A Sound Way
Develop a sensible approach (1) to eating. There are several steps you can take for a healthy food attitude (2):
1. Eat slowly
2. Eat at regular times
3. Hold your between-meal snacking (3) to a minimum (4)
4. Choose a mix of nutritious (5) foods
5. Pick lower-fat options (6) when you can, such as low-fat milk instead of whole milk.
6. Watch the size of your portions (7) (not too much or too little)
7. Resist (8) going back for additional (9) food
8. Keep away from fast foods
9. Keep healthy snacks like fruit in your room
10. Replace (10) empty-calorie soft drinks with water or other healthier drinks
Eat breakfast
Health experts (11) warn that your memory and IQ (12) get lower if you don’t eat in the morning for some time. It is a bad habit that will plant a bad seed in your body and you will pay for it in your later years. Remember, eating well in the morning will give you enough energy for the day; otherwise your study and work efficiency (13) will lower.
Avoid gaining (14) weight
Good habits like a balanced diet, regular exercise and getting enough sleep are good for you. They can also help you stay healthy and avoid problems later. Adopting (15) some simple practices can have a big influence (16) today and years from now.
Avoid bad habits
Take control of your lifestyle. Limit the amount of alcohol (17) you drink. Never make excuses for excess drinking. Good communication skills and a wide human network have nothing to do with excess drinking. If you do drink, do it in small amounts (18).
Excess drinking will not only lead to health problems, but to a lower mood (19) whenever you face any problems. And it can’t help solve the problem you may have.
Smoking is another bad habit, just like drinking. Although some people say cigarettes can, to some degree, reduce the stress (20) and make them manly, cigarettes can also destroy your appetite. Smoking can make exercise and even normal activity such as walking across school or climbing stairs more difficult? Not to mention causing heart and lung problems and increasing your risk of cancer. Many smokers who give it up find they have more energy, so do not think that smoking is interesting.
注解：
(1).明智方法 (2).态度 (3).小吃 (4).最小程度 (5).营养的 (6).选择
(7).（食物的）一份 (8).抵制 (9).额外的 (10).替代 (11).专家 (12).智商 (13).效率 (14).增加 (15).采用 (16).影响 (17).酒 (18).数量 (19).情绪 (20).压力
Ⅲ.Language Study
1. When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on she eyed him anxiously.
=When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him walking towards the front door, she looked at him worriedly because he didn’t wear his jacket.
妈妈看到周凯没穿夹克就向前门走去，担心地盯着他。
(1) head vi. vt. to go or make something do in a certain direction走向，朝......方向前进；使......朝......方向前进
e.g.
We headed the boat out to sea. 我们把船驶向外海。
----Where are you heading for?
----Shanghai.
----你去哪里？
----上海
He is heading for trouble. 他会遭遇麻烦的。
He realized that he was heading in the wrong direction.
他意识到他正朝错误的方向走。
(2) without a jacket on: not wearing a jacket, 没穿夹克，其中on 是副词，表示“穿戴着”。
with(without)+名词（代词）+分词（形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语），表示一种伴随状态，在句中作状语。
e.g.
The young man walked in with a hunting dog following him.
这个年轻人走了进来，后面跟着一条猎犬。
Don’t speak with your mouth full.不要满嘴食物说话。
He ran out without shoes on.他没穿鞋子跑了出来。
The boss had a hard time with many tough problems to solve. 有很多棘手问题要解决，这位老板日子很难过。
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她眼含泪水说再见。
Practice
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1. They are heading home.
_________________________________________
2. She was heading towards the post office.
_________________________________________
3. We managed to get it back without her knowing.
_________________________________________
4. Johnson bought a magazine with many pictures in it.
_________________________________________
Key for reference
1. 他们朝家的方向走。
2. 她正朝邮局走去。
3. 我们设法把它放回去，没让她知道。
4. 约翰逊买了一本杂志，里面有很多图画。
2. You can at least go and get your jacket.
=If you insist on going out to play football, go and get your jacket.
你至少可以去拿上你的夹克衫。
at (the) least 至少 at (the) most 至多 not (in) the least(not at all) 一点也不
e.g.
you should at least have a try.至少你应该试一试。
The boy is at most ten years old.这男孩至多十岁。
----Do you mind if I smoke?
----No, not in the least.
----我吸烟你介意吗？
----不，一点也不。
Practice
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Even if you cannot help him，you can give him encouragement at least．
__________________________________________________________
2. The book will cost me at least 10 dollars.
__________________________________________________________
3. You are not disturbing me in the least.
__________________________________________________________
4. ----Are you cold?
----No, not in the least.
__________________________________________________________
Key for reference
1．就算你不能帮助他，至少你可以鼓励他。
2．这本书至少要10美元。
3．你一点也没有打扰我。
4．----你冷吗？----一点也不冷。
3. My mother has always made sure we eat very healthily.
=My mother has always tried her best so that we can have a healthy diet.
我妈妈总是想方设法让我们吃得健康。
make sure: to find out if something is true or check that something has been done; .to do something so that you can be certain of the result把某事请弄清楚；.确保
常用结构：
make sure of ....
make sure (that)...
make sure to do...
e.g.
He said he would do anything he could to make sure of my happiness.他说他将尽其所能来确保我的幸福。
Mother made sure that she had turned off all the lights before she went to bed. 母亲在睡觉前确定她已经关掉了所有的灯。
Make sure to lock the door before you go out.出去之前一定要锁上门。
拓展：
be sure of 和be sure that一样，主语是人， 主语感到“有把握；确信”； be sure to do的主语可以是人，也可以是物， 表示说话人推测“一定；必然会”。
e.g.
I'm sure of winning the game. 我有把握能赢得比赛。
We’re sure that he will be back soon.我们确信他会很快回来。
Sally is sure to refuse him. 沙莉一定会拒绝他的。
This movie is sure to relax you.这部电影一定会让你放松的。
Practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
1请你查明他是否回来了，好吗？
_______________________________________
2到达时，你一定要给我打电话。
_______________________________________
3他一定会成功。
_______________________________________
4这些故事一定会逗笑她的。
_______________________________________
Key for reference
1 Will you make sure of his return?
2 Make sure that you phone me when you arrive.
3 He is sure to succeed.
4 These stories are sure to amuse her (make her laugh).
4．I don’t have a sweet tooth.
= I don’t like eating sweet or sugary things.
我不爱吃甜食。
have a sweet tooth: like eating sweet or sugary things.爱吃甜食
e.g.
I have a sweet tooth. 我爱吃甜食。
Practice
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. I had a "meat tooth."
________________________
2. He has a running nose.
________________________
Key for reference
1.我偏爱肉类食物。
2.他流鼻涕。
5. I’d rather eat a nice piece of fruit.
=I prefer to eat a nice piece of fruit.
我宁愿吃一片美味的水果。
(1) would rather do sth: prefer to do sth 宁愿做做某事
e.g.
I would rather give up this chance.我宁愿放弃这次机会。
He would rather go there on foot.他宁愿步行去那里。
Which would you rather do, go to the cinema or go for a meal? 你宁愿做什么，去看电影还是去吃饭？
拓展：
(2) would rather do ... than do ... 宁愿做......而不愿做......
e.g.
I would rather take a bus than take a taxi.我宁愿坐公交车也不愿坐计程车。
(3) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事
e.g.
She would rather her friend came on Sunday. 她宁愿她的朋友星期天来。
I would rather you didn’t smoke in my room.我希望你不要在我的房间吸烟。
(4) rather than而不是（通常连接两个并列结构）
e.g.
I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。
I’d prefer to go in summer rather than in winter. 我宁愿夏天去，也不愿冬天去。
She would take more exercise rather than go on a diet. 她宁愿多做运动也不愿节食。
Practice
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Lisa would rather arriving home late than stay in a hotel.____________
2. I would rather she gives me a book. ____________
3. He would rather starting off early tomorrow morning. ____________
4. I would rather say sorry to him than lost a good friend.____________
Key for reference
1.arriving 改成arrive
2.gives 改成gave
3.starting改成start
4.lost 改成lose.
5.I was stupid enough to play football in the rain.
= I was so stupid that I played football in the rain.
我真是够蠢的，居然在雨中踢足球。
adj (adv) + enough (+for...) to do... 表示“足够......”
e.g.
This house is big enough for us to live in.这房子给我们住是够大了。
The book is easy enough for my daughter to read.这本书很容易，我女儿可以读得懂。
You are old enough to decide by yourself. 你已经大到可以自己做决定的年龄了。
They can’t walk fast enough to catch up with us. 他们走得不够快，不会赶上我们。
Practice
Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
1. I was so foolish that I believed him.
→I was ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.
2. I wish you could speak very clearly so that we can understand what you say.
→I wish you could ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.
Key for reference
1.foolish enough to believe him
2.speak clearly enough for us to understand your words
6. Two years ago I broke my arm playing football.
= Two years ago I broke my arm when I was playing football.
两年前我在踢球时胳膊骨折了。
playing football是现在分词短语，在句中作状语，表示时间。分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。
e.g.
Being a doctor, I must be responsible for my patients.作为一名医生，我必须对我的病人负责。（being a doctor表原因）
“What a beautiful garden it is!” said the girl, looking out of the window. 看着窗外，女孩说“多么漂亮的花园啊！”（looking out of the window表伴随状况）
Practice
Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
1. Bob knocked into a tree when he was walking in the street.
→Bob knocked into a tree ____ ____ ____ ____.
2. “Did you see a kite just now?” the boy pointed to the sky and asked me.
→“Did you see a kite just now?” the boy asked me ____ ____ ____ ____.
Key for reference
1.walking in the street
2.pointing to the sky
7. be crazy about... (be mad about...) ：be wildly exited about...; be enthusiastic about... 对......着迷；为......而疯狂
e.g.
He is crazy about playing computer games. 他对电脑游戏着迷。
My younger brother is crazy about the pretty girl. 我弟弟为这个漂亮女孩而神魂颠倒。
拓展：
drive sb crazy 使某人气得发疯
like crazy 发疯似地；以惊人的气势
e.g.
The noises are driving me crazy. 这些噪音让我发疯。
These people worked like crazy. 那些人疯狂地工作。
Practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.那些男孩疯狂迷上了那个歌手。
_______________________________
2.玛丽热衷于弹钢琴。
_______________________________
Key for reference
1.Those boys are crazy about the singer.
2.Mary is crazy about playing the piano.
ⅣGrammar Exploration
语法：本单元的语法项目是一般将来时(The future simple tense)和名词转化为动词
1.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
Zhou kai, you’ll get ill.
I’ll buy you a toy.
My sister’s going to see you off.
will和be going to都可以用来表达将要发生的事情，区别如下：
(1).单纯谈到将来的事情，没有主观因素，可用will.
It will become warm when spring comes.春天到来，天气将会变暖。
I will be twenty next month.下个月我就20岁了。
(2).表示说话人的推测，用will.
She will be all right after taking the medicine.吃了这药，她就会好的。
That will be your house.那是你的家吧。
(3).表示一种倾向，用will.
Each time he comes to Beijing, he will visit the Great Wall.每次他来到北京，他都要游览长城。
Without water, man will die.没有水人会死。
(4).表示说话时决定马上要做的动作（多半是听了对方的花园后所做出的反应），用will.
A: My chest hurts when I breathe.我呼吸时，胸部疼痛。
B: Lie down please, and I’ll examine you.请躺下，我给你检查一下。
(5).表示经过事先考虑或安排后的意思,即“打算做某事”，用going to do.
My friend is in hospital now, but he is going to come out tomorrow. 我朋友现在医院，但是他明天就要出院了。
She has borrowed some books from the library. She is going to make a careful study.她从图书馆借了一些书。她打算好好作番研究。
(6)在口语中，表示将要发生的事情时，多用be going to .
What’s going to happen? 将要发生什么事？
Is there going to be a party tomorrow evening? 明天晚上有聚会吗？
(7)表示根据已有的、并被注意到的迹象将要发生的事情
They are going to miss the train.他们要赶不上火车了。（说话者注意到他们出发时已经太晚了）
Look at those dark clouds; it’s going to rain.看那些乌云，要下雨了。
(8).be going to可用于表示将来时间的条件状语从句，will却不能。
If he is going to participate in the competition, he’d better get prepared.如果他打算参加这个竞赛，他最好做好准备。
If we are going to start early, 5 o’clock is ok. 如果我们计划早出发，5点就可以。
(9).will 可用于表示意愿、拒绝等的条件状语从句中。
If Tom won’t come, we will lose the game.如果汤姆不愿意来，我们将输掉这场比赛。
If he will do something useful, he will save the boy.如果他愿意做些有益的事，他会就这个男孩的。
Practice
Multiple choice
1.---- Write to me when you get home
---- ____.
A. I am going to B. I will C. I should D. I can
2. That ____ be Dr. Wang’s clinic. Let’s go and have a look.
A. is going to B. will C. is not going to be D. will not.
Key for reference
1. B 2. B.
2.名词转化为动词
很多表示物件、身体部位或某类人的名词可以用作动词，某些抽象名词也可用作动词。名词和动词在转化时，有时不改变意思，有时意思也相应地变化，在学习的过程中注意记忆总结。常用的转化为动词的名词有：
head eye name paper book air voice hand coat dress diet skin mail ship face shoulder dust diet work answer picture peel knife nurse bottle cash use house mask, etc.
e.g.
We ship grain to Africa.我们把谷物运往非洲。
These desks and chairs are coated with dust. 这些桌椅落上了灰尘。
We lunched together.我们一起吃了午餐。
Practice
Complete the following sentences
1. Did you ____（预定）a seat on a plane yesterday?
2. Please ____ （递）me the book.
3. They ____ (取名)their dog Bob.
4. She ____（护理；照顾）her aged mother every day.
Key for reference
1. book 2. hand 3. named 4. nurses
Ⅴ. Language Skills
1. Multiple choice
1. The shoes he bought for me _____ me.
A. doesn’t fit B. not fit for C. don’t fit D. are unfit
2. They are crazy ____ playing cards.
A. of B. on C. in D. about.
3. He lay still on the floor with his dog ____ beside him
A. to sleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept
4. We all ____ our breath when we heard the terrible sound.
A. took B. lost C. held D. wasted.
5 She is always making trouble so I would rather ____ there alone.
A. going B. go C. to go D. went
Key for reference
1 C. fit作动词，表示大小、尺寸吻合。本句意为：他为我买的鞋子不适合我。
2 D. be crazy about...是固定短语，表示“对......着迷”。
3 C.现在分词表主动、正在进行，本句意为：他静静地躺在地板上，他的狗睡在他的旁边。with his dog sleeping beside him作本句的伴随状语。
4 C.本句意为：当我们听到这可怕的声音时，都屏住了呼吸。
5 B. would rather do sth表示“宁愿做某事”。
2. Complete the following sentences according to the given words.
1. If you want to ____ ____ （保持健康），you ought to ____（节食）and take regular exercise.
2 This kind of flowers is very ____ （稀有）in our country.
3 I have a slight ____.（胃痛）
4.The father passed on the family’s ____ （财富）to his son.
5. He was badly ____（受伤）in the accident.
Key for reference
1 keep fit; diet 2 rare 3 stomachache 4 wealth 5 injured
3. replace the underlined words with their synonyms（同义词）
1. The rich man helped many poor peasants out of pity.________
2. They are worried about their father’s health. ________
3. I hope you are keeping fit. ________
4 She goes out very seldom. ________
5 Ben was going in the opposite direction.________
Key for reference
1 wealthy 2 anxious 3 healthy 4rarely 5 heading
Ⅵ. Task Design
Try to collect as much information as possible on how to keep fit. Then write a short text and present it to your classmates.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
VII. Comprehensive Test
第一卷（两部分）
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. My younger sister has ____.
A. sweet tooth B. sweet teeth C. a sweet tooth D. a sweet teeth
2. He has not got a fever. That is to say, his temperature is ____.
A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. low
3. Look at the dark clouds in the sky. I think it ____rain.
A. will B. shall C. must D. is going to
4. All his free time is spent in playing football, and he is ____ about football.
A. worried B. anxious C. crazy D. particular
5. Sally may be slow in thinking but ____ she works hard.
A. not in the least B. at least C. at most D. at best
6. Mary goes to ____ classes and does exercises every morning.
A. keep fitting B. keep-fit C. keeping fit D. keeping fitting
7. All the shirts ____ to ￡10.
A. was reduced B. reduced C. were reduced D. reducing
8. It is difficult for you____ on the top of a high mountain.
A. breath B. breathe C. to breathe D. to breath
9. Is the river ____ to swim in?
A. enough deep B. very deep C. so deep D. deep enough
10. With a lot of work ____, Jack will not leave for the holiday.
A. doing B done C. has done D. to do
11. We had a very good time ____ cards yesterday.
A. to play B. played C. playing D. being played
12. I would rather Ted ____ here early.
A. leave B. to leave C. left D. has left
13. ____ may not necessarily bring us happiness..
A. Wealth B. Wealthy C. Health D. Healthy
14. Peter missed her wife so much that he was anxious ____ her as early as possible.
A. seeing B. about seeing C to see D. seen
15. If he promises to come, he ____.
A. is B. will C. is going to D. has
第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题l.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16－35各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Everything speeds up with people’s lives. People often eat fast food __16__ nice meals cooked by mother __17__. They go to the shop, where the meal is ____18___ cooked. They can take __19__ from the shelf when they ___20___ their dollars and in ten minutes eat it and ___21_ their dinner. This is not good for __22___.
People move a great __23__ from city to city, ____24____ their jobs. Airplanes go ___25___ between cities. Every twenty-five seconds planes are taking off from the airports. When people move _26_ the cities, they leave their friends ___27____, moving from place to place. They leave their old mother and father, their children, and leave their __28___. And people become without roots, without a place ____29__ they can really call “home”. This has very___30____ effects. One thing is that the old people often live so far from their children that, ____31__ they become old, there is nobody to __32___ them. Brothers and sisters move far away from each other. They telephone each other. But the families are very __33____. The society doesn’t have the __34___ ways any more, which kept people ___35_____ together. And many people feel rather lonely today.
16. A. withoutB. together with C. instead of D. as
17. A. at schoolB. at home C. in the house D. in the kitchen
18. A. already B. still C. not D. just
19. A. them B. it C. everythingD. little
20. A. putB. getC. setD. pay
21. A. finishB. cookC. fetchD. bring
22. A. familiesB. children C. old people D. business
23. A. many B. muchC. deal D. far
24. A. doing B. to do C. changing D. change
25. A. usuallyB. immediatelyC. constantlyD. fast
26. A. from B. to C. in D. around
27. A. behind B. awayC. outD. off
28. A. friends B. parentsC. teachers D. students
29. A. or B. and C. where D. that
30. A. bad B. surprising C. exciting D. great
31. A. if B. when C. since D. because
32. A. seeB. look afterC. hear fromD. telephone
33. A. scattered B. different C. largeD. separated
34. A. new B. oldC. easyD. same
35. A. close B. nearC. liveD. friendly
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Many people are surprised to learn that French people have fewer heart attacks than people in many countries. When we think of French food, we often imagine sauces that have a lot of fat in them. Some scientists think the reason why the French have fewer hear attacks is that they drink wine with their meals. However, there may be another reason why they have fewer heart attacks.
Researchers studied the diets of 40 countries. They found that the French eat a lot of vegetables compared to people in other countries. For example, people in Finland drink a lot of milk and eat a lot of dairy products(乳制品), like eggs and cheese. But Finns don’t eat as many vegetables. Researchers found that the Finns had more heart attacks than the French; in fact, the Finns had five times as many heart attacks as the French. So the researchers say that eating a lot of vegetables is very good for our health. And they warn that , if we drink wine, we shouldn’t drink too much, They say that eating extra carrots isn’t dangerous, but drinking an extra glass of wine might be.
36. The passage is mainly talking about _____________.
A. how to get rid of heart attacks
B. why French people have fewer heart attacks
C. the diets in French and Finland
D. the cause of heart attacks
37. The underlined word “them” in the first paragraph can be best replaced by __________.
A. people B. foods C. sauces D. countries
38. Which of the following is the most important reason why the Finns had more heart attacks than the French?
A .The French eat more vegetables than the Finns
B. The French eat more dairy products than the Finns.
C. The French drink more wine than the Finns.
D. The French eat more fat than the Finns.
39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____________.
A. drinking too much wine would probably cause heart attacks
B. eating extra carrots would probably prevent heart attacks
C. people should be moderate in drinking wine
D. drinking extra carrots isn’t as dangerous as drinking extra glass of wine.
B
Vitamins are a group of substances found in food. The body needs them for life and health. So naturally, many people are concerned for the question: Am I getting enough vitamins, and am I getting the right kind?
Even though very small amounts of each vitamin are enough for the needs of the body, the worry people have about vitamins has some basis. And this has something to do with their diet?the food they take in. A person eat in a good variety of foods gets all the vitamins now known to be needed (with the possible exception of vitamin D).
The problem is that there are many people who don’t choose foods wisely, don’t get enough variety, and don’t eat the basic foods they need to get their vitamins. So the answer to this questions is : No extra vitamins are taken in; the body simply gets rid of them. It is even harmful to put too much of certain vitamins into the body This has been found true of vitamin A and D when large amounts are taken in.
What foods supply what vitamins? Here is a quick general idea. Vitamin A, for the heath of the eyes skins teeth, and bones, is found in green vegetables, fruits, eggs, liver and butter. Vitamin B1 which helps the nervous and digestive system and prevents certain diseases, is found in cereals, pork and liver. Vitamin B2 is found in milk, eggs, green vegetables and meats. Vitamin C, which helps bones and teeth, is found in tomatoes, certain fruits and vegetables. These are only a few of the most important vitamins the body needs.
40. Vitamin A is needed by _________ and can be found in ________________.
A. teeth, pork B. nervous system, milk
C. eyes, green vegetables D. teeth, meats
41. Vitamin C helps _________ while Vitamin B1 is very important to ___________.
A . teeth, digestive system B. skin, bones
C. bones, liver D. eyes, meats
42. Vitamins are a group of substances found in __________.
A. body B. food C. pork D. eyes, meats
43. The body needs _________ for life and health.
A. extra vitamins B. a good variety of vitamins
C. large amounts of certain vitamin D. small amounts of each vitamin
C
One morning last summer Joyce Andrews made some sausage sandwiches for her husband’s lunch. There was one sausage left over. Mrs. Andrews didn’t care for them herself, and so she gave to last one to Henry, their little dog, Henry ate it up quickly.
During the morning the dog got ill. He wouldn’t stop shaking his head, and couldn’t stand properly. Joyce thought, “He’s eaten something that didn’t agree with him. Maybe that sausage very bad…” she suddenly remembered her husband’s lunch. She ran to the telephone and called Jim at office.
“Jim, I hope you haven’t eaten any of those sandwiches yet.”
“You have? Two? Well, listen?don’t eat any more. I gave Henry the last sausage, and new he’s ill. Go to the doctor, Jim.”
“What? You feel all right? No, Jim, don’t take a chance with your health. I’m sure the sausages are bad. Please go…”
“Yes, Jim. Tell him about the dog. Get some medicine.”
Jim came back at lunch time and went to bed. “I had a very unpleasant hour at the doctor” he told Joyce, “and the medicine made me very sick.”
The next morning Jim was fine. Henry seemed quite fit again, too. At eleven o’clock milkman came with the milk.
“Morning, Mrs. Andrews,” the milkman said “How’s your dog this morning? I’ve been thinking about him…”
“Have you? Well, he seems all right now, but...”
“Yesterday morning he and I had I a little accident. He jumped up at me, and I dropped a bottle of milk on his head.”
44. Why did Joyce telephone Jim?
A. She wanted him to come home for lunch
B. Jim’s dog was badly ill.
C. Jim was ill and needed to go to the hospital
D. She thought the sausage would do harm to him
45. Joyce’s husband ______________.
A. took her advice that he should go to the hospital
B. didn’t believe her
C. knew why Henry kept shaking his head
D. didn’t eat any of the sausage
46. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. It was the sausage that made Henry ill.
B. Jim ate only two sandwiches, so he was quite all right.
C. The milkman explained Henry’s illness
D. Jim felt unpleasant because of her wife’s telephone call.
47. The underlined word “him” probably refers to ___________.
A. Jim B. the milkman C. the doctor D. Jim’s dog
D
More and more scientific experiments prove that physical exercise can reduce the dangers of some illnesses in middle-aged persons. Exercise strengthens the hear muscle, reduces blood pressure and helps to prevent muscles from changing into fat. Physical exercises is just as important for children.
Exercise and food affect growing speed in young lab animals. Baby mice start running as soon as they are big enough to use an exercise wheel in their cage. If they get extra food and run a lot, they will grow as much as 1.5 times bigger the normal.
The same differences in growing speed might be found between active and inactive children. Physical exercise helps active children grow faster than inactive children. One experiment shows that the brains of the mice that had enough exercise weighed about 3% more than those of the mice that did not exercise. The mice that exercised are much quicker to learn doing new exercise than the mice that did not exercise.
The results of the experiment support the theory that exercise can help babies learn to talk and walk sooner than expected.
The good effects of physical exercise are not limited to children and middle-aged people. Exercise continues to be important part of our lives after we grow old. For example, people over 50 years old begin to lose calcium(钙) from their bones, which get weaker and can break easily. Physical exercise, however, helps to strengthen the bones and to prevent them from losing calcium. Of course, old people can take medicines to prevent themselves from suffering from losing calcium, but the medicines they take increase the change of developing some kind of cancer. So physical exercise is a much safer means of treatment.
48. This passage tells that _______________.
A. only middle-aged persons can benefit from physical exercise .
B. physical exercise can do good to both the middle-aged and children
C. people of different t ages can all benefit from physical exercise
D. physical exercise is the safest treatment for losing calcium
49. Active children _________ than inactive children.
A. are clever and healthier B. are clever but not stronger
C. are stronger but more foolish D. enjoy walking more
50. From the passage, we know that __________.
A. mice need to eat more and exercise more
B children need more exercise than other people
C. old people like to take medicine to treat their illness
D. middle aged people are easy to get fat
51. The bones of old people are easy to break because ___________.
A. there is less calcium in their bones than in those of other people
B. they are easy to become ill
C. they eat less than other people
D. they have less exercise than other people
E
Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need It has been proved that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins, even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin-enriched fluid(流体) , the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it. After the vitamins were changed to the clear water in time, however, they broke the habit and back to where the necessary vitamins were.
In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria (自助餐厅) feeding arrangement, with a wide choice of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in. We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over period of
Time they managed to choose a well balanced diet.
So in choosing food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what’s best for them.
Obviously, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could. Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long established habits. Some people eat foxes, dogs and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs.
So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.
52. In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rats’ drinking water to ___________.
A. encourage rats to drink vitamin-enriched water
B. find out tars’ preference in flavor
C. test whether rats know which drink is good for them
D. demonstrate that vitamins are tasteless
53. As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that _________.
A. both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet
B. both prefer flavored food and drink
C. both have the same eating patterns
D. both develop a taste for the same kind of flavors
54. In the classic experiment mentioned in the second paragraph, babies were __________.
A. given many choices of drinks
B. provide with various kinds of baby food
C. placed and fed in a cafeteria
D. trained to select a balanced diet
55. According to the passage, adult’s eating habits differ from those of babies because _________
A. adults know better than babies what kinds of food are good for their health
B. adults usually can’t resist the temptation of various delicious foods
C. adults’ eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs
D. adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns
第二卷(共35分)?
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)?
第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边的横线上画一个勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：
该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线(＼)划掉。
该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
The National Academy of Sciences say that eating 56. __________
least salt, food rich in fat and smoked foods can reduce a 57. __________
person’s chance of develop cancer. A study by the academy 58. __________
also says people should eat more fruits, vegetable and whole 59. __________
grains. The chairman of the study said that eat fatty foods 60. __________
could be the cause of about forty percents of the cancers61. __________
in men and sixty percent of the cancers in women 62. __________
He said science evidence (证据) shows that 63. __________
most major cancer are influenced (影响) 64. __________
by the kinds of food that people eating.65. __________
56. say → says 57. least → less 58.develop → developing 59. vegetable → vegetables 60. eat → eating 61. percents → percent 62. √ 63. science → scientific 64. cancer → cancers 65. eating → eat
第二节：书面表达(每题25分，共25分)
请根据以下要点，用英语写一篇论述“早起”(early rising)重要性的短文，发表在一份生活杂志上。
1. 早起有益。
2. 早起可呼吸到新鲜空气，做早操，对身体健康有好处：早起对学习有好处；早起可从容制定工作计划，对工作有好处。
3. 晚起的人都应早起。
注意：
1. 要写成一篇连贯性的短文，不要逐条翻译。
2. 可适当增加细节。
3. 字数：100左右
答案：
1-5. CBDCB 6-10. BCCDD 11-15. CCACB
16-20. CBABD 21-25. AACCC 26-30. BAADA 31-35.BBABA
36-40. ABDDA 41-45. ABDDA 46-50. CCCAD 51-55. ACABC
Early Rising
Early rising benefits us in many ways.
First, it helps to keep us fit. We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides, by taking morning exercises we can improve our health.
Second, it can help us in our studies. In the morning we can learn more quickly.

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