逍遥学能 2010-03-02 10:50
How the Major Memory System Works
Our brains are notoriously poor at memorizing numbers. The problem lies in the fact that numbers are abstract concepts. Although they are represented visually by symbols, they don't feel very real or appealing to our brains. As I explored in a previous article, our brains usually work best using lively, vibrant images. Numbers hardly qualify.
And that's what the Major system is about: converting abstract, dull numbers into vivid, striking images. When we do that, committing these numbers to memory is a snap. Let me show you how to do it.
The Major Memory System in 3 Steps
1. Learn to Encode Numbers as Images
The heart of the Major system — and the key to convert numbers to images and vice-versa — is a 10-item mnemonic table. The table shows how to transform the digits 0-9 into corresponding sounds; which we'll eventually use to form words. The mnemonics are easy to learn (it shouldn't take more than 20 minutes to fully master them) and, once learned, they can be used for life. Here they are:
Digit Sound Memory Aid
0 s, z, soft c z is the first letter of zero. The others have a similar sound.
1 d, t, th d and t have one downstroke and sound similar (notice the tip of your tongue as you say them).
2 n n has two downstrokes.
3 m m has three downstrokes, also m looks like a 3 lying on its side.
4 r the last letter of four, also 4 and R are almost mirror images of each other.
5 l L is the Roman numeral for 50.
6 j, sh, soft ch, dg, zh, soft g a ｓｃｒｉｐｔ j has a lower loop like 6. These letters also have a 『whistle-like' sound, and 6 looks like a whistle.
7 k, hard c, hard g, q, qu capital K contains two 7s (on their sides, back to back).
8 v, f think of v as in a V8 motor. f sounds similar (notice how your teeth touch your lips for both).
9 b, p
p is a mirror-image 9. b sounds similar and resembles a 9 rolled around (also notice how your lip movement is the same when pronouncing these letters.)
- vowel sounds, w, h, y These sounds can be used anywhere without changing a word's number value.
As an example, let's take the (in)famous number 42.
According to the mnemonic table, the digits in the number 42 translate to r and n respectively. Now we need to form a word with r and n. We should fill the gaps between the letters using the 『neutral' elements (from the last row of the table: vowel sounds, w, h or y). The word rain comes naturally to me.
42 gets encoded as rain, then.
Decoding from word to number is even more straightforward. 『Mouse', for instance, becomes 30 (3 for m and 0 for s; vowel sounds are ignored).
The conversion process may seem a little slow and cumbersome at first, but with just a little bit of practice it becomes second-nature.
There are just a couple more notes to bear in mind:
* The conversions are strictly phonetic, that is, based on how the words sound — not how they're spelled. If a word has double letters that account for just one sound, you count only one sound (ex: the r sound in cherry counts as only one number). By the same token, mute letters (such as the b in debt) should be ignored.
* When coming up with words, choose those that are easy to visualize. Concrete nouns — such as objects or animals — always work better than abstract nouns, adjectives or verbs.
2. Associate Images in Your Mind
Now for the fun part. We already have an image, now we'll need a way to glue it in our minds. The way we're going to do this is by imagining a scene, a scene that combines two images: the encoded number image along with a peg image that will be used to trigger the memory.
As an example, suppose you want to buy a light bulb, and you must remember that it must be a 30-Watt one. The two images to combine would be the image for light bulb and the encoded image for 30. Using our mnemonic table, we find that 30 translates to the letters m and s. Mouse seems a pretty good word for these letters, so we'll go with it.
Our mission, then, is to create a mental scene combining light bulb and mouse.
The secret for this to work is to make the mental scene memorable: make it crazy, ridiculous, offensive, unusual, animated, nonsensical — in short, make it fun! (For details on how to effectively associate images, check out this article.)
Let's see: What's the zaniest way you can combine light bulb with mouse? I don't know about you, but here's what I just imagined:
「I'm in my local supermarket, in the electrical accessories aisle. As I catch one light bulb to observe it more closely… Bang! It breaks in my hand, and a giant mouse jumps out of it! The mouse runs away, squeaking frenetically. Everybody in the supermarket stops and stares at me puzzled and in absolute silence…」
Well, imagine that scene vividly in your mind and try not remembering that giant mouse next time you're in that supermarket aisle… 「30-Watt it surely is!」
3. For Large Numbers, Extend the System
「Yes, but everyone can memorize a small number such as 30,」 — you say — 「what about the big numbers?」
The great thing about the Major system is that you can easily combine it with just about any other memory technique, simple or advanced. That's what makes the Major System insanely scalable and able to handle gigantic numbers.
For memorizing a small number we created a mental scene combining two images. To memorize a large number, we need to link many of those scenes together, forming a sequence.
There are many ways to do this. Many people like to create a story linking the scenes together, for example.
My favorite method, however, is to use the Memory Palace technique. In short, you use familiar places for storing memories. If you're not acquainted with it, check it out here).
Let's try a practical example again: an 8-digit telephone number.
The specifics on how to memorize it are a matter of personal preference, of course. The way I do it is by chunking the number in 4-digit groups, and placing each of those groups in a memory palace location.
I'll use my in-laws phone number (slightly modified), using their home as my memory palace:
Phone number: 2417-2220
Scene 1: Associate first memory palace feature (front door) with 2417:
Using the Major system: 24 = Nero, 17 = Duck.
「As I arrive at my in-laws' front door, I see no one but the emperor Nero himself, laughing out loud, as he is about to set the whole apartment on fire! But he has no matches or a torch in his hands: he has a blowtorch — in fact, a rubber duck-shaped blowtorch! And it quacks as it spits fire!」
Scene 2: Associate second memory palace feature (sofa) with 2220:
Using the Major system: 22 = Nun, 20 = Nose.
「As I enter their apartment is the sofa, the first thing I see is a nun chanting and jumping about on the sofa, facing backwards. When I touch her shoulder, she turns around — and it's actually a witch! She scares the hell out of me — and guess what — she has the biggest nose ever! And yuck — that's the biggest zit I've ever seen」 (yes, getting disgusting is also a great way to help your memory!)
This may seem like a lot of work for a phone number, but in fact, this all happens quite fast in our minds. Recovering a number using the process above takes me no more than 4 seconds total — and I haven't been practicing that much lately. If you practice this regularly, you'll be able to do it much faster and with less effort.
Bonus: Gain Speed with a Word List
The previous three steps are the basic tools you need to use the Major system. If you want to make it even more powerful and efficient, one way is to use a predefined image list for the numbers you use more often.
If you use a set of predefined images for, say, all numbers from 00 to 99, you'll greatly improve your speed when forming images, as you won't need to imagine different words each time you trip on those numbers.
Of course, memorizing more than 100 mnemonics requires a fair amount of time and effort, but once it's all in your long-term memory, you can use it for life. To be fair, you don't need to memorize it (in the traditional sense of the word). Let me explain. If you just start using the mnemonics, the images will soon automatically come to you. I don't know, but there must be something about the phonetics that makes the images manifest themselves rather easily.
我個人整理過的數字所需要的英文
希望大家會喜歡
0 sea
1 tie
2 hen
3 ham
4 roo
5 loo,
6 shoe
7 key
8 fox
9 bee
00 sauce
01 seat
02 sun
03 sumo, sam
04 sour, zero
05 sail, seal
06 sushi
07 sack
08 sofa
09 soap
10 toes
11 tatoo,
12 ton, dune, tin
13 time, dam
14 tyre
15 tail
16 tissue
17 tack
18 tofu
19 tape
20 nose
21 net
22 nun
23 nemo
24 nero
25 nail
26 nacho
27 neck
28 knife
29 nappy
30 mouse
31 mat
32 moon
33 mummy
34 mower, mayor
35 mail
36 match
37 mug
38 movie
39 map, mop
40 rose
41 rat, root
42 rain
43 room, rimu
44 roar, aurora, rear
45 rail
46 rash, roach
47 rack, rock
48 roof
49 rope
50 lace
51 lady
52 lion
53 lime
54 layer, lier
55 lily
56 lodge
57 lock
58 lava
59 lip
60 juice
61 jet, shit
62 jane, john
63 jam
64 jar
65 jail
66 judge
67 jack
68 jeff
69 jeep
70 case
71 cat
72 can
73 comb
74 car
75 coal, call
76 cage
77 coke
78 coffee
79 cap
80 face
81 fat
82 fan
83 foam
84 fire
85 file
86 fish
87 fuck, fog
88 fifa,
89 fib, fab, FOB
90 bus
91 bat
92 bun
93 bomb
94 bear
95 bell
96 bush
97 bike, book
98 beef
99 babe, pipe