逍遥学能 2013-05-26 14:22
2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修四odule 6
知识详解
1 claim v． 声称；主张；要求；索赔
n． 断言；权利；要求权；所有权
(回归本P52)Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature，Xue Junlin，a local photographer，claimed that its head looked like a horse.尽管没有人看清楚过这个神秘的怪物，但当地一位摄影师薛俊林声称：怪物的头看起像马头。
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归纳总结
例句探
①(朗P318)They put in a claim on the insurance for the stolen luggage.
他们在行李被偷后向保险公司提出索赔要求。
②(朗P318)Lost property can be claimed between 10 a．m. and 4 p．m..
可于上午10点至下午4点之间认领失物。
③She claimed to have ever been met by the president.
她宣称曾被总统接见过。
④The old man claimed the land.老人要求得到这块土地。
易混辨析
claim，declare，announce
claim指通常并没有证据的宣称。
declare一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等。
announce泛指宣布某一消息或某事；预示着……的到。
①He claimed to have paid.
②The U．S. declared_war on England in 1812.
③Everyone was silent as he announced the list.
即境活用
1．Every citizen in a democratic country may________the protection of the la
A．declare B．claim
C．ask D．announce
解析：选B。句意为“民主国家的每一位公民都可以要求法律的保护”。claim(根据权利)对……提出要求；declare断言，宣称；announce宣布，宣告，发表。
2.When I was a child，fishermen and sailors sometimes ________to have seen monsters in the sea.
A．appeared B．published
C．claimed D．happened
解析：选C。句意是：当我还是个小孩子的时候，渔夫和水手有时声称看到过海里的妖怪。此句要用claimed表示“声称”。
2 fortune n． 运气；命运；财富
(回归本P59)So the Chinese dragon was a bringer of good fortune.
因此，中国龙能带好运气。
归纳总结
例句探
①He won the game by good fortune.
他靠运气赢得了比赛。
②These two brothers decided to go to America to seek their fortunes.
这兄弟俩决定去美国寻找致富之路。
③any people went to cities to make their fortune.
为了发财，很多人都去了城里。
④He’s fortunate in having a good job，since business is bad nowadays.
他有一份好工作真幸运，因为近生意不好做。
即境活用
3．I have had the good________to work with some experts.
A．worth B．fortune
C．wealth D．reputation
解析：选B。该处强调与专家一起工作是幸运的。worth“价值，财产”；wealth“财富，财产”；reputation“名誉”。
3 reputation n． 名誉；名声；声望；荣誉，信誉
(回归本P59)But in the west，dragons had a different reputation.
但是在西方，龙有着截然不同的名声。
归纳总结
例句探
①(朗P1674)artin lived up to his reputation and arrived late.
马丁果然不出所料，姗姗迟。
②(朗P1674)His approach had won him a reputation as a tough manager.
作为经理，他的办事方法使他以强硬著称。
③The restaurant has a good reputation.
这家餐馆名声很好。
即境活用
4.I am surprised that a company with such good________would produce such poor quality goods.
A．translation
B．reputation
C．population
D．evolution
解析：选B。句意是：拥有那样一个好的声誉的公司竟然生产出那样低劣的产品，我真是感到惊奇。translation翻译；reputation声誉；population人口；evolution进化。
5．(南京市模拟)The girl has no________at all.She is still trying to please her boyfriend，even though he is so cold.
A．character B．reputation
C．dignity D．figure
解析：选C。考查名词辨析。句意“这个女孩没有尊严可言。她还是想讨好她的男朋友，尽管他是那么冷淡。”character“性格”；reputation“名声”；figure“身材”。
4 die out 灭绝；逐渐消失
(回归本P56)Perhaps too much fighting caused the dinosaurs to die out.
或许是因为太多的争斗使恐龙灭绝了。
归纳总结
例句探
①(朗P559)If the ocean becomes too salty, certain types of marine life die out.
如果海水盐分太大，一些海洋物种就会灭绝。
②any old customs are gradually dying out.
许多旧习俗都在日渐消失。
③The music died away as we closed the door.
由于我们关上门了，音乐声变弱了。
④The animals are dying off because of the destruction of the forests.
由于森林被破坏，动物在逐渐死去。
⑤The storm has died down.
暴风雨已渐渐停了。
即境活用
6．If too many of these rare animals are killed，their species will die________.
A．away B．off
C．out D．down
解析：选C。句意“如果这些稀有动物过多地被杀，这些物种将会灭绝。”
7．(湖北天门中学模拟)On the Eve of the Spring Festival，we Chinese people like to play with fireworks，and the noise doesn’t________until after midnight.
A．die away B．die off
C．die out D．die down
解析：选D。考查动词短语。“在除夕夜，我们中国人喜欢燃放烟花，鞭炮声就是过了半夜也不会减弱。”
5 come straight to the point 谈正题；开门见
(回归本P58)I’ll come straight to the point.
我这就谈正题。
归纳总结
to the point切题，中肯,
off the point偏离要点，离题,
on the point of就要……的时候,
there’s no point(in)doing sth.做某事没有意,
when it comes/came to the point到了关键时刻，到该做决定时
例句探
①Let’s come straight to the point—when will you pay the money back to me?
我们开门见地说吧——你什么时候还我钱？
②The letter was short and to the point.
这封信简短而切中主题。
③Your criticism is off the point.
你的批评离题了。
④When it comes to the point，I am prepared to resign over this.
到了关键时刻，我愿为此辞职。
⑤There’s no point in discussing it any further.再议论下去也没多大意义。
即境活用
8．The police have been looking into the case and recent investigations have________how the two men died.
A．thrown light on
B．had an effect on
C．turned a blind eye to
D．come to the point
解析：选A。句意是：警方一直在调查这起案，最近的调查已经弄清楚了这两个人是如何死的。此句要用throw light on表示“阐明某事，弄清楚……”。B项“对……有影响”；C项“对……视而不见”；D项“谈正题”。
6 due to 由于；因……造成；应给的；即将的；预期做
(回归本P59)Some experts believe it is due to the animals the myths grew out of.
一些专家认为这是由这些神话产生的动物造成的。
归纳总结
例句探
①His illness was due to bad food.
他的病是吃坏了的食物造成的。
②The professor is due to make a speech this Friday.
教授预期在星期五作演讲。
③(牛津P621)Have they been paid the money that is due to them?
他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？
④The train has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control.
由于一些我们不能控制的情况，这班火车已被取消了。
即境活用
9．Accidents________driving at high speed were very common that weekend.
A．because of B．owing to
C．thanks to D．due to
解析：选D。句意“那个周末因高速驾驶而造成的事故很普遍。”
10.The next train to London is________to arrive at 4 o’clock.
A．owing B．due
C．possible D．thanks
解析：选B。be due to do“预定要做”。句意“下一趟火车预定四点到达伦敦。”
1【教材原句】 He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.(P52)
他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。
【句法分析】 本句中的to have seen是动词不定式的完成形式，表示动作发生在句子谓语动词claim之前。
不定式的时态有三种：
(1)不定式的一般式：to do。表示与谓语动词同一时间发生或动作发生在谓语动词之后。
(2)不定式的进行式：to be doing。表示与谓语动词同一时间发生，并且动作正在进行。
(3)不定式的完成式：to have done。表示发生在谓语动词之前。
①The teacher seemed to have known about it.老师好像已经知道这事了。
②I consider it a pity for you not to have attended our party.
我认为你没参加我们的聚会真是遗憾。
③There is said to have been many people waiting to see him when he arrived.(＝It’s said that there had been...)
据说他到达的时候已经有很多人在等着见他了。
④They seem/appear to have known the fact.(＝It seems/appears that they have known the fact.)他们好像已经知道了真相。
即境活用
11．To our surprise，the painting considered________should have won the prize.
A．being copied B．having been copied
C．to have copied D．to have been copied
解析：选D。considered是过去分词作定语修饰the painting。consider后面要求接不定式作宾(主)补，故可排除A和B。the painting和copy之间存在被动的关系，且copy动作发生在consider之前，故答案为D。此句意为“令我们吃惊的是，那幅被认为是抄袭的绘画作品竟获了奖。”
12.AIDS is said________the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A．that it is B．to be
C．that it has been D．to have been
解析：选D。根据后面的时间状语over the past few years知，此处用完成式。sb.be said to do表示“……据说做某事”的意思。
2【教材原句】 They say that the lowtemperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.(P52)
他们说，水温这样低的湖泊不可能生存有体形如此巨大的动物。
【句法分析】 (1)本句可以转化为：They say that it is unlikely that the lowtemperature lake is able to support such large living creatures.
(2) 本句使用了be unlikely to do sth.这一结构，它的用法等同于be likely to do sth.。主要有下述用法：
主语(具体人/物)＋be (un)likely to do sth.
It(形式主语)＋be (un)likely to do sth.
It(形式主语)＋be (un)likely＋thatclause
【注意】 likely与unlikely不能用于It’s likely/unlikely for sb.to do sth.，而possible与probable是可以用于It’s possible/probable/impossible for sb.to do sth.。另外，(be)possible与(be)probable的主语不能是具体的某人或某物。
①Look at the clouds！It’s likely to rain.
看那些乌云！天可能要下雨。
②It’s too late.He is unlikely to come.
太晚了。他不可能了。
③It’s likely that we will beat them since we have practiced a lot.
因为我们做了大量练习，很可能我们会打败他们。
④He is ill seriously so that it’s unlikely that he will attend the party.
他病得很严重所以他不可能参加这个晚会。
即境活用
13.—Did you look up the time of trains to Shanghai?
—Yes，the earliest train is________to leave at 5∶30 a．m..
A．likely B．about
C．possible D．due
解析：选D。be due to do意为“应该……/预期的”；be about to do不和时间状语连用；possible主语应为it；而likely与句意不符。
14．(高考陕西卷)Studies show that people are more________to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A．likely B．possible
C．probable D．sure
解析：选A。句意：研究表明如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前，人们的背部很有可能会出现毛病。本题考查表示“可能性”的三个形容词possible，probable，likely在搭配上的区别：
①It is possible/probable/likely that从句；
②It is possible for sb.to do sth.；
③Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth.；
综上所述，正确答案为A项。