逍遥学能 2013-03-21 15:40
小学英语语法复习要点
一、名词
可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。
可数名词复数规则：
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：faily-failies, strawberry-strawberries
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5．不规则名词复数： an-en, woan-woen, policean-policeen, policewoan-policewoen, ouse-ice child-children foot-feet, tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质 （grass草，ice冰），抽象的名词（help帮助，usic音乐）。不可数名词没有复数（如soe water）,不能与不定冠词连用。
写出下列各词的复数
diary ____________ day_____________ dress _______________ glass __________
peach___________ juice________________water ____________ rice______________
tea ______________ an____________ woan____________ banana ___________ bus___________ child ____________ foot _____________ sheep ____________ leaf(树叶) ________ dish ____________ knife _____________ pen____________ boy__________ baby___________ ap _____________ city ____________ box __________ book ___________ class ____________ eye ____________ office ________ car____________ fox(狐狸) ___________ watch ____________ library ________ pear ___________ skirt ____________ shelf _____________ toato _________tooth ____________ Englishan________ paper __________ ilk___________ faily __________ ouse __________ people (人们) __________ fish _________ brush ________ Japanese ____________ policean____________ waterelon______________ Chinese____________ strawberry _________ atch ____
二、一般现在时
一般现在时基本用法介绍 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成：
1.be动词：主语+be(a, is, are)+其它。如：I a a boy.我是一个男孩。注意：（我用a，你用are，三单is，复数
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。
注意：（当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：ary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。）
1，一般疑问句：一般以is ,are,a,can,do,did,does……开头的。回答用YES/NO.
特殊疑问句：what,who,why,whose,which,where,when,how,how any,how,uch开头的，需要具体回答。
行为动词的变化。肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。
否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。
一般疑问句：Do( Does Did) +主语+动词原形+其它。（句首加助动词do, does did）
动词+s的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, ilk-ilks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
一般现在时用法专练:
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at hoe.
2. David and To _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on onday.
4. ike _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) soe water in the bottle.
11. ike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the sae hobby.
13. y aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your hoework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I' staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school fro onday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this ter.
20. －What day _______(be) it today?－ It’s Saturday.
改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play gaes after class. __________________
4. r. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don't do her hoework on Sundays. _________________
三、现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（句中一般含有now, look, listen.）
2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
如：To is reading books in his study .
3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
如：To is reading books in his study .
To is not reading books in his study .
4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
如：To is reading books in his study .
Is To reading books in his study ？
动词加ing的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：ake-aking, taste-tasting
3．如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play_____________ run______________ swi _____________ake______________
go______________ like____________ write_____________ _ski_____________
read_____________ have____________ sing _____________ dance___________
put______________ see____________ buy _____________ love____________
live___________ take______________ coe _____________ get_____________
stop____________ sit _____________ begin____________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture no
2. Listen .Soe girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroo .
3. y other _________________ ( cook )soe nice food no
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers no
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroo .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to usic.
9. It's 5 o'clock no We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
四、将时理论及练习
一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：toorrow, next day(week, onth, year…),soon, the day after toorrow（后天）等。
二、基本结构：①be going to + do；如：I a going to go swiing toorro
②will+ do. 如：I will go swiing toorro
三、否定句：在be动词（a, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
如：I a going to go swiing toorro→ I a not going to go swiing toorro
I will go swiing toorro →I will not go swiing toorro
四、一般疑问句： be动词或will提到句首，soe改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。
如：I a going to go swiing toorro→ Are you going to go swiing toorrow?
I will go swiing toorro →Will you go swiing toorrow?
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Today is a sunny day. We _________________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
2. y brother ______________________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
3. It's Friday today. What _____she ____________________ (do) this weekend? She _____________ (watch) TV and (catch) insects.
4. ary __________________________ (visit) her grandparents toorro
5. David __________________________ (give) a puppet show next onday.
五、一般过去时
1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。（Last Sunday ,last weekend,yesterday……）
2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
⑴a 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn't）
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren't）
动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3．末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5．不规则动词过去式：a/is—was are- were go ?went swi-swa fly-flew
do-did have-had say-said see-saw take-took coe-cae get-got drow-drew
eat-ate read-read sing-sang leave-left get-got……
写出下列动词的过去式
is\a_____________ fly____________ plant____________ are ____________
drink_____________ play___________ go______________ ake ________
does_____________ dance__________ worry___________ ask ___________
taste_____________ eat____________ draw____________ put ____________
throw____________ kick___________ pass____________ do __________
过去时综合练习（1）
1. It ______ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday.
2. We all ______ (have) a good tie last night.
3. He ________ (jup) high on last Sports Day.
4. Helen ________ (ilk) a cow on Friday.
5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
67. Ji's other _________ (plant) trees just no
8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.
9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on onday.
10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday.
1. It _____ (be) the 2nd of Noveber yesterday.
r White ________ (go) to his office by car.
2. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a oent ago.
3. Don't ______ the house. u _______ it yesterday. (clean)
4. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ soe housework. (do)
5. They _________ (ake) a kite a week ago.
6. I want to ______ apples. But y dad _______ all of the last onth. (pick)
7. _______ he ______ the flowers this orning? Yes, he _____. (water)
8. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.
9. The students often _________ (draw) soe pictures in the art roo.
10.What ______ ike do on the far? He ________ cows. (ilk)
六、形容词加er的规则：
⑴一般在词尾加er ；
⑵以字母e 结尾，加r ；
⑶以辅音字母加一个元音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；
⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。
3．不规则形容词比较级： good-better
根据句意填入单词的正确形式：
1. y brother is two years __________(old)than e.
2. To is as ________(fat) as Ji.
3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.
4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.
5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.
6. ary's hair is as __________(long) as Lucy's.
7.Ben ______ (jup) ________ (high) than soe of the boys in his class.
8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.
9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
10.y eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..
11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?
12.Who gets up _________(early),Ti or To?
13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.
14. Ji runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).
15.The child doesn't______(write) as ____(fast) as the students.