逍遥学能 2013-01-18 17:07
一、快读
快读的目的是了解文章的大意和主题思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念。快读时，应特别注意文章的开始段、结束段、文章中每段的首句和尾句以及篇章连接手段和行文中的信息词，因为它们往往是对文章内容的最精简概括，是左右文章大意的关键。
二、跳读
即根据问题信息跳跃性地阅读文章的某些段落或某些句子。跳读可以加强阅读的针对性、节约阅读时间和提高阅读。许多阅读理解的事实细节题均可用跳读法在原文中找到相关的依据，从而迅速做出选择。
三、细读
找到文章中的有关范围以后，即在该范围内逐句阅读，特别对关键词句要仔细琢磨，以便对其有较深刻、较准确的理解和掌握。不仅要理解其字面意思，而且要通过推理、判断，弄清文章字里行间的潜在意思。在细读时，对没有学过的生词，可根据上下文或自己的背景等来推测其意思；对难以看懂的长句，可借助手段，对其加以分析，以达到透彻理解。
四、实例
下面请看一篇阅读实例(湖南省阅读)：
The private automobile(私家车) has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one. By giving workers rapid transportation, the automobile has freed them from having to live near their place of work. This has encouraged the growth of the cities, but it has also led to traffic problems.
For farm families the automobile is very helpful. It has made it possible for them to travel to town very often for business and for pleasure, and also to transport their children to distant schools.
Family life has been affected(影响) in various ways. The car helps to keep them to travel to keep families together when it is used for picnics, outings, and other shared experiences. however, when teenage children have the use of the car, their parents can’t keep an eye on them. There is a great danger if the driver has been drinking alcohol or taking drugs — or is “showing off” by speeding or breaking other traffic laws. Mothers of victims(受害者) of such accidents have formed an organization called MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving). These women want to prevent further tragedies(悲剧). They have worked to encourage the government to limit the youngest drinking age. Students have formed a similar organization, SADD(Students Against Drunk Driving) and are spreading the same message among their friends.
For many Americans the automobile is a necessity. But for some, it is also a mark of social position and for young people, a sign of becoming an adult. Altogether, cars mean very much to Americans.
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
A. Cars have encouraged the growth of the cities.
B. Cars can bring families together when they go for picnics.
C. Cars have enabled people to live far from their place of work.
D. Cars help city families to transport their children to faraway schools.
2. What has been done to deal with the problem of drunk driving?
A. Parents have paid more attention to their children.
B. Some organizations have been set up against drunk driving.
C. Mothers have tried to persuade their children not to drink alcohol.
D. University students have asked the government to solve the problem.
3. We can infer from the text that _______ in America.
A. it will be more difficult for people to get new cars
B. parents will not allow their children to have their own cars
C. the government will encourage people to use public transportation
D. cars will still be popular though they have caused many problems
●“快读”短文：可知本文主要介绍美国的私家车情况及私家车对美国人的影响。
●“跳读”短文：根据文章第2段的内容可知，汽车是使 farm families transport their children to distant (=faraway) schools。故第1小题选D。
●“细读”短文：文章说，为了解决 the problem of drunk driving，有关人士成立了不同的组织 高中学习方法，如母亲们成立了 MADD，们成立了 SADD，等等。故第2题选B。再根据文章第1段说美国在1986年就有69%的家庭至少拥有1辆汽车，38%的家庭拥有1辆以上的汽车，而文章最后一段又说 For many Americans the automobile is a necessity。由此可知第3题选D最佳。