Women of achievement

必修 4 Unit 1 Women of achievement
核心单词
1. achievement
n.［C］成就；功绩;\[U\]实现；完成；达到
联想拓展
achieve v.取得，实现
achieve an aim/a goal达到目标
achieve success 获得成功
He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements.
他因科学上取得的成就而获得诺贝尔奖。
Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的功绩。
高手过招
完成句子（原创）
①没有人民的支持，我们将一事无成。
Without the support of the people we can .
②我只完成了我所希望完成的工作的一半。
I have achieved only half of I hope to do.
③祝贺你获得这样完美的胜利。
Congratulations to you (介词) such a complete victory.
答案: ① achieve nothing ②what ③ on achieving
2. behave
vi.举止，行为，表现；（机器等）工作，运转（常与well/badly等副词连用）
vt.守规矩；举止有礼
常用结构：
behave oneself 使某人自己举止规矩
Behave yourself; don’t make a fool of yourself.
注意你的举止, 别闹出笑话。
How is your new car behaving? 你的新车性能如何？
联想拓展
behaviour n. (人的)言行举止，行为；（动物）习性，自学 成才
behaviour towards/to... 对……的态度/行为
高手过招
(1)单项填空
①David is quite well in school. He obeys the teachers and gets As in all his subjects.
（2009•11•东潍坊检测）
A. Behaved B. concerned
C. Involved D. respected
(2)完成句子 （原创）
①父母让孩子们在客人面前举止礼貌。
The parents asked the children to in front of the guests.
②她对这个孩子的良好行为感到高兴。
She is pleased with the child’s .
解析：(1) 选A。be well behaved为固定搭配，意为“表现优秀”，联系空后的内容可知,A项最佳。
(2) ① behave well ②good behaviour
3. worthwhile
adj.值得做的；值得的，可用作表语或定语，其后可加to do/doing。
易混辨析
worth/worthy/worthwhile
worth 只能作表语，其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词的主动形式: be worth doing。
worthy可作表语，后接of+名词/动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式: be worthy of+n./being done / to be done； 也可作定语，表示“值得……的；有价值的”。
worthwhile可作表语或定语;a worthwhile job 一份值得做的工作。常用结构：it is worthwhile to do/doing做某事是值得的。
a worthy winner 名副其实的赢家
Buying the car at this price is not worthwhile.
以这样的价格买车不值得。
Is it worthwhile making/ to make such an effort?
做这样的努力值得吗？
高手过招
(1)单项填空 （原创）
It was the trouble to settle the problem.
A. worth to take B. worthwhile taking
C. worth being taken D. worth taking
(2)选词填空 (worthwhile/worth/worthy) （原创）
①This vase was five hundred francs at the most.
②Everybody has roots. It is to search for his roots.
③Their efforts are of your support.
④This book is well reading and it is of being read a second time.
解析:(1) 选B。worthwhile后可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式，而worth后面只可以跟动名词的主动语态表达被动概念。
(2) ①worth ② worthwhile ③ worthy④ worth; worthy
4. respect
vt.尊敬；尊重
n.敬意;问候
常用结构：
pay/give one’s respect to sb. 向某人致敬/问候
have/show respect for sb. 尊敬某人
respecting = with respect to关于；就……而言
in all respects = in every respect 无论从哪方面看；
在各方面
We all should respect our parents and teachers.
我们都应该尊敬我们的父母和老师。
r Smith always show respect to his children’s opinions.
史密斯先生总是很尊重孩子们的意见。
In respect to the content, the article is very good,but it is not satisfactory in other aspects.
就内容而言，这篇很好，但在其他方面还不能令人满意。
联想拓展
respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;正派的;高尚的
respectful adj. 有礼貌的；恭敬的
respective adj. 各自的；分别的
respectively adv. 各自地；分别地
Oneˉway fares for adults and children were ＄18 and ＄5 respectively.
成人和儿童的单程车费分别为18美元和5美元。
高手过招
完成句子 （原创）
①请代我向你的父母致意。
Please your parents.
②我们的班主任是位可敬的人，我们都很尊敬她。
Our head teacher is a person, we all her.
答案:①give my respect to
②respectable; show/have respect for
5. argue
v.争论，辩论;说服；主张;认为
常用结构：
argue with sb. about/over sth. 就某事和某人争辩
argue sb. into/out of doing=persuade sb. to/not to do
=persuade sb. into/out of doing 说服某人做/不做某事
argue for/against 支持/反对
联想拓展
argument n. 论点；争论;论据
settle an argument 解决争端
beyond argument 无可争辩
We argued that we should be paid more.
我们据理力争自己应该得到更高的薪水。
They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies.
他们正就外交政策与官员们进行辩论。
They argued the park into lowering the price.
他们说服公园降了价。
高手过招
完成句子 （原创）
①我们总是就金钱的问题而争论。
We are always arguing each other money.
②他们说服我买了辆新的自行车。
They argued me buying a new bike.
③他反对吸烟，而且坚持认为吸烟有害健康是无可争辩的事实。
He argued smoking, and insisted that it was argument that smoking was harmful to health.
答案: ① with; about/over ②into ③ against;beyond

6. inspire
vt.鼓舞；激励；引发；赋予……灵感；激发
His speech inspired us. 他的发言鼓舞了我们。
The beautiful scenery inspired the composer.
美丽的景色使作曲家思泉涌。
常用结构：
inspire sb. to sth. 鼓励某人某事
inspire sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
(=encourage sb. to do sth.)
inspire sth. in sb.
(=inspire sb. with sth.) 使某人产生……；鼓励某人……
The father inspired his son with confidence.
=The father inspired confidence in his son.
这位父亲鼓励儿子要自信。
联想拓展
inspiration n. 灵感；启发；鼓舞人的事或人
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的;激励的
高手过招
完成句子 （原创）
①老师的话使他产生了希望。
The teacher’s words .
=The teacher’s words .
②学生们都被这首振奋人心的歌曲所鼓舞。
The students were all by the song.
答案: ① inspired him with hope; inspired hope in him ② inspired; inspiring
7. intend
vt.&vi. ，打算
常用结构：
be intended for 专供……使用；专为……而设计
intend to do/doing 打算……
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
This kind of bicycle is intended for people who are too short.
这种自行车是专为身材矮小的人设计的。
Today, I intend to finish reading this novel.
今天我打算读完这本小说。
I intend you to take over my career.
我打算让你接管我的事业。
高手过招
单项填空
①The book, for her sister, was lost in the mail. （2010•01•江苏南京检测）
A. intended as pleasant surprise
B. intending as pleasant surprise
C. intended as a pleasant surprise
D. intending for pleasant surprise
②iss Wang had to catch the first bus, but she did’t get up early enough.
（2010•01•陕西西安质量检测）
A. Turned B. come C. intended D. promised
①解析：选C。intend sth. for sb.意为“为某人准备某物”，book与intend之间呈被动关系，因此用过去分词短语作定语；surprise在这里用单数，表示“一个惊喜”。
②解析：选C。intend有“打算”的意思，用过去完成时，表示“曾打算如此，但没有做成”。
8. deliver
vt.接生(小孩)；递送；发表(演说等)
常见结构:
deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩
deliver sth. to...把某物送到……
The baby was delivered in a clinic.
孩子是在一个医疗站接生的。
Comrade Yang delivered the opening speech.
杨同志致了开幕词。
联想拓展
delivery n. 送货；交付
express delivery 快递
on delivery 送达时；货到时
高手过招
完成句子 （原创）
①一些新书已经送到学校了。
Some new books have the school.
②演员用他温柔的声音。
The actor his speech a soft voice.
答案: ① been delivered; to ② delivered/gave; in
9. observe
vt. 观察；观测；遵守
She spent many year observing and recording their daily activities.
她花了许多年时间观察和记录他们的日常活动。
常用结构：
observe+名词/代词
宾语+宾语补足语（不带to的不定式/动词?ing
形式）
that?从句/what?从句
I observed them enter/entering the shop.
我看到他们进了/正走进商店。
The boy observed what was going on between Tom and his little sister.
男孩观察汤姆和他妹妹之间会发生什么事。
We should strictly observe the discipline.
我们要严格遵守纪律。
联想拓展
observer n. 观察者
obstrvation n. 观察
高手过招
翻译句子
①我从未看过他做早操。

②我们必须遵守交通规则。
答案: ① I have never observed him do morning exercises.
② We must observe the rule of road.

重点短语
10. look down upon/on
蔑视；瞧不起
She looks down on people who’ve never been to university.
她瞧不起没上过大学的人。
You can’t look down upon a person because he is poor.
你不能因为某个人贫穷就瞧不起他。
I hope you don’t look down upon/on this kind of work.
我希望你不要看不起这种工作。
联想拓展
look on sb./ sth. as 把某人/某物看作……
=consider sb./ sth. as
look on 袖手旁观；观望
look into sth. 调查；观察某事物
look up 查阅(单词、资料)；向上看；好转
look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人)
look out for sb./sth. 警惕或留心某人/某物
look back to 回顾；回忆
look about/around 环顾四周
look after 照料 ；照看
look forward to 盼望；期待
look for 寻找
look like 看起像
look over 检查；检阅
look through 浏览；检查
look up to 尊敬
高手过招
(1)完成句子 （原创）
①He was (被人看不起) because of his humble background.
②He is (被认为是) the leading authority on the subject.
③If you want to know how a word is used, it (查阅） in a dictionary.
(2)选词填空(look up/look down on/look forward to/look into)
（原创）
①I’m going to your party.
②The police have received the complaint, and they are it.
③We should not manual labour.
④Please these words in your dictionary.

答案: (1) ①looked down on ②looked on as
③look; up
(2) ① looking forward to ② looking into
③ look down on ④ look up
11. refer to
谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指……而言
联想拓展
refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物称作
refer sth. to 把某事提交
refer sb. to 让某人向……求助
易混辨析
refer to/consult/look up
refer to和consult都可作“查阅（词典、参考书等）”讲，表此意时两词可以互换。
look up 意为“（在词典、时刻表等中）查找……”。
We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
我们同意不再谈论这事了。
She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking.
当我们谈话时她以为我指的是她的女儿。
高手过招
(1)完成句子 （原创）
①Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone kneho she was (谈到).
②He gave the speech (没有参阅) his notes.
③He likes to (被称为) “Doctor hee”.
④y doctor me (向……求助) a hospital specialist.
(2)单项填空
①The professor at the meeting will give us a lecture next week. （2010•01•东青州二中模块检测）
A. Referred B. referred to
C. Referring D. referring to
②If you are not sure of the meaning of this word, you can the dictionary. （2010•浙江萧质量检测）
A. refer to B. look up
C. See D. make use of
③During his stay in our college, he often began his talk by this past experience as a soldier.
（2010•01•江西南昌检测）
A. turning to B. referring to
C. sticking to D. speaking to
④Using a long stick, the teacher a place on the map and asked the children to name it. （2010•01•江苏启东检测）
A. got down to B. pointed to
C. referred to D. came to
(1) ①referring to ②without referring to ③ be referred to as ④ referred; to
(2) ① 解析：选B。句意为：在会议上被提到的那位教授下周将给我们作一次讲座。用refer to的过去分词形式作后置定语，表示被动。
② 解析：选A。refer to在句中作“查阅”讲，B项结构应为look up the word in the dictionary。
③ 解析：选B。考查词义辨析。turn to的意思是“求助于”，但其宾语是人，不可以是物；refer to的意思是“参考；查询；谈到；提到”；stick to的意思是“坚持”。
④ 解析：选B。 考查短语辨析。get down to的意思是“开始；着手”，后跟名词或动名词；point to的意思是“指着；指向”；refer to的意思是“参考；提到”；come to的意思是“达到”。
12. come across
=run across=meet by chance (偶然) 遇见；碰见
联想拓展
come about = happen 发生
come from 自
come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透露；显出
come up 升起；发生；出现
come up with sth. 找到或提出（答案?办法等）
come to 谈到；涉及
I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。
She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
她在一个抽屉里偶然发现了一些旧照片。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
r Brown, could you tell me how the differences between American English and British English ? （2010•01•东济南检测）
A. came about B. came to
C. came up D. came across
(2)用come短语的适当形式填空 （原创）
①I some neords while reading.
②His new book will next month.
③She a new idea for increasing sales.
④Can you tell me how the accident ?
⑤How did it that he knehere we were?
(1)解析：选A。考查词义辨析。come about意为“产生”，符合句意；come to意为“达到（某个数字）”；come across意为“偶然遇到；从……上走”；come up意为“到”。
(2)① came across ②come out ③came up with ④came about ⑤come about
13. carry on
继续；坚持
Let’s carry on our homework.
让我们继续做我们的家庭作业。
We must carry on until the rescue team arrived.
我们必须坚持下去直到救援队到。
联想拓展
carry out 执行；实施
carry away 带走；冲走
carry off 夺去
We will carry out the plan as soon as it is made.
这个一制定出，我们就会执行。
We planted many trees to stop the water from carrying away the soil. 我们种这么多树的目的是阻止土壤流失。
高手过招
单项填空
Do you mind if I with my work while you are getting tea ready.
（2010•01•东胜利一中检测）
carry out B. come on
C. carry on D. go over
解析：选C。carry on 在这里是“继续下去”的意思。A项有一定干扰性。 carry out 也有“进行，开展”的意思，然而carry on为不及物动词，而 carry out为及物动词。
重点句型
14. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
她母亲头几个月帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
“only+状语”放在句首时，主句部分要用部分倒装，即：将助动词、情态动词或连系动词置于主语之前。但“only+主语”放在句首时，主句不倒装。
Only in this way can we learn English better.
只有这样，我们才能学好英语。
Only then did I remember that I had left my cell phone in the restaurant.到那时我才记起我把手机忘在餐馆里了。
Only when um is sick will she stay in bed.
只有生病的时候妈妈才会卧床休息。
高手过招
单项填空
①Only then how much damage had been caused. （原创）
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
② by keeping down cost will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
（2010•01•安徽合肥高三检测）
Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
①解析：选D。“only+状语”放在句首时，主句部分要用部分倒装，再根据时间then判断，主句应用一般过去时，所以选D。
②解析：选A。四个选项中，只有“only+状语”放在句首时，主句才用部分倒装。
15. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.
40年，简•古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。
本句用的是现在完成时，即“has/have been doing”，表示从过去某个时间开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在，可能还会再进行下去。
—What have you been doing?
你一直在做什么？
—I have been practising the piano.
我一直在练习弹钢琴。
高手过招
单项填空
①—Hi, Fracy, you look tired.
—I ?m tired. I the living room all day.
Painted B. had painted
C. have been painting D. have painted
②New that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. Considered D. is going to consider
①解析：选C。答句句意为：我一整天都在给起居室刷油漆。表示过去开始的动作一直持续进行到现在，用现在完成进行时。
②解析：选B。句意为：露西现在没有工作，她在考虑回学校，但她依然没有做决定。表示过去开始的动作一直持续进行到现在，用现在完成进行时。

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