逍遥学能 2016-02-26 18:30
“语法填空”从样题的命题形式来看，“语法填空”题仍属于国外一直使用的一种完形填空题，在国内的传统练习和测试中也很常见。一般认为，这种不提供选择项的“语法填空”题比这些年来高考采用的提供选择项的完形填空题的难度略大。但也有人认为，这种无选择项“语法填空”题由于没有干扰项反倒有利于考生更好地发挥其英语水平。
解“语法填空”题的一般步骤是：
一、浏览全文 把握语篇
浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材(语题)、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。
二、边读边填 先易后难
在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”(已给出词语的除外)和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。
三、验证复查 清除难点
有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。
另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。
语法填空专练
阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。
(1)Using Garbage as a Fuel
Garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look ____1___ coal, petroleum, or natural gas, __2_____ they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels(矿物燃料). As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as _____3___ energy source.
Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States _____4__( burn) garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam _____5___ is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city’s garbage each year. The ____6____ of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil!
But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burns _____7___(easy), such as food and paper, must be separated from metals, glass, and other materials that do not burn easily. Another problem is that burning garbage can _____8____ the air.
Our fossil fuel supplies are ____9____. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage ___10____(pile) up on the earth.
【参考答案】
1.like? 2. but? 3. an?? 4. have been burning? 5. that? 6. amount?? 7. easily???? 8. pollute? 9. limited? 10. piling??????????
垃圾是一种很好的燃料。垃圾看起来不像煤、石油或天然气，但他们的化学成分和矿物燃料类似。当我们用完矿物燃料时，我们或许可以把垃圾当作能源来用。
燃烧垃圾并不是一种新的想法。欧洲和美国的一些城市燃烧垃圾已经有很多年了。燃烧垃圾产生的热量被用来烧水。产生的蒸汽则用来发电或给附近的大楼供热。在法国巴黎，一些电站每年要烧掉200万公吨的城市垃圾。产生的能量差不多相当于燃烧50万桶石油!
但是以垃圾作为燃料有一些问题。有些垃圾很容易燃烧，比如食物废料和纸制品，但他们必须要和金属、玻璃和其他不容易燃烧的物质分离开。另一问题就是燃烧垃圾会污染空气。
我们的矿物燃料供应有限。燃烧垃圾或许是一种能源资源，我们可以用它来满足对能源的需求。这种方法也可以减少地球上垃圾的堆积量。
(2)The Most Influential Book in My Life
The Story of My Life by Helen Keller is the most __1____(influence) book in my life. It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout. Helen Keller was once in deep despair in her __2____, but finally she decided to overcome her physical defects and live happily. Furthermore, she showed great patience__3____ her long and hard learning period.
I have learned, above all, three lessons from her story. First, she taught me that often the road to success is to face hardships __4____(bravety). Maybe you are born under an ill star yet you can stand a better chance __5____ others. It is therefore important that you screw up your courage__6____? courage is needed. Second, the impairment of part of her senses did not stop__7____ learning: on the contrary, she had made continual __8____ to go deeper into the realm of knowledge, and her perseverance had thus helped her overcome many handicaps. __9____, she advised that we should make the most of our sense-organs as if we __10____(lose) them soon because this way we would observe the world more carefully than ever before.
【参考答案】
1.influential? 2.childhood?? 3.in?? 4.bravely??? 5.than??? 6.when?
7. her??? 8.efforts??? 9.Third?? 10.would lose
【译文】对我一生最有影响的书
海伦写的《我的生活故事》是对我一生影响最大的一本书。此书全篇充满了勇气，奋斗和信仰。海伦?凯勒童年时曾经一度十分消沉，但是最后她决定克服自己生理上的缺陷去快乐地生活。而且她十分耐心地完成了漫长而艰难的学习过程。
最重要的是，从她的经历中，我领悟到了三个道理。首先，她教给我成功之路上经常要勇敢地面对艰难困苦。或许你一生下来身体就有缺陷，但是你依然可以得到比别人更好的机会。因此重要的是当需要勇气的时候，你必须鼓起自己的勇气。第二，她感官上的某些缺陷并没有阻止她的学习，相反地，她不断地努力去钻研知识，坚韧不拔的精神帮助她克服了很多障碍。第三，她建议我们应该很好地利用我们的感官，就好像我们马上就要失去他们一样，因为这样我们就会比以前更仔细地观察这个世界。