逍遥学能 2016-01-11 10:41
动名词的被动式的概念:
表示动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者,如:I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。
动名词被动式的用法:
当动名词的逻辑主语与动名词为被动关系时,动名词则要用被动式:
如:He didn't mind being left at home. 把他留在家里他并不介意。
It felt funny being called Grand mother. 被人叫作祖母感到怪怪的。
This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。
【注】(1)在表示“需要”的动词need, want, require后接动名词时,习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义(但若用不定式,则用主动式表示被动意义):
如:The outside of the house needs painting [to be painted]. 这房子外面需要油漆了。
The machine requires repairing [to be repaired]. 这机器需要修理了。
(2)在beworth后接动名词时也要用主动式表示被动意义:
如:This might be worth thinking about. 这可能值得考虑。
The clock is hardly worth repairing. 这台钟简直不值得修理。
关于动名词被动式的用法应注意以下两点:
1、动名词一般式的被动式:
动名词的主动式表明它与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系,而动名词的被动式则表明它与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系。
如:She likes being looked at. 她喜欢被人瞧。
He hates being interrupted. 他不愿意人打断她的话。
He was afraid of being at tacked. 他担心受人攻击。
He objected to being treated as a child. 他反对被当成孩子看待。
2、动名词完成式的被动式:
动名词完成式的被动式有两个语法特征,一是表明它与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系,二是它表明它先于主要动作完成。
如:She's angry about not having been invited. 她对没有受到邀请感到生气。
I can't forgive myself for having been taken by surprise. 我不能原谅自己被打了个冷不防。
He is ashamed of having been scolded by his teacher. 他对自己被老师责备一事感到很丢脸。
由于动名词的一般式有时也可以表示先于主要动作的被动动作,所以动名词的完成被动式有时也可简化为一般式的被动式,即省去“having been+过去分词”中的having been。
如:He resented being(having been)accused.他受到指责很生气。