逍遥学能 2015-09-22 14:19
高考临近，阅读简答题答题技巧都有什么呢？小编希望大家能从下文中获得答案！
一、先看实例
阅读下面一篇文章，按要求简要回答问题。
SHISHMAREF, an Eskimo village on an island off northwestern Alaska , is falling into the ocean. Giant storm waves have so hit the place—once well buffered by sea ice—that villagers voted in 2002 to leave their ancestral home for the mainland. They are being called one of the first refugees(难民)of global warming.
“We tend to describe climate change in terms that are abstract—a one degree rise in temperature, an increase in greenhouse gases—but when waves wash away a village, that’s concrete and very emotional,” says Igor Krupnik, an expert at the National Museum of Natural History. “When they lose a piece of their land, they aren’t just losing a certain number of square miles. They are losing part of their history and their memory. They are losing childhood events and grandparents’ tales.”
Before temperatures began to rise in Shishmaref about 30 years ago, 20 to 30 miles of hard sea ice protected the village from powerful fall storms. But the natives say the ice doesn’t freeze as solidly or as soon as it used to and now stretches only six or seven miles, leaving the community of 600 people more exposed. Storms have swept houses into the ocean.
The villagers’ plan is to move to Tin Creek, a site on the Alaska mainland 12 miles away, and they have received $180 million from the government. Residents hope that in their new community they’ll be able to maintain their close ties, continue hunting animals, and keep fishing, much as their ancestors have done for centuries. “People are asking why the government should be spending so much money on so few people,” said a government official. “But people in Alaska are like everyone else. We want to help keep their culture alive.”
73. Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “buffered”.
74. according to the villagers’ saying, what do we know about the sea ice around Shishmaref in the past? (回答词数不超过8个)
75. What is the villagers’ main purpose to rebuild their community? (回答词数不超过6个)
二、答题思路
1. 正确审题是答题基础
审题正确保证所获取的信息正确，为正确答题提供保障;相反，如果审题错误，就会导致获取的信息错误，最后引起答题错误，因此第一步就要正确审题。正确的审题包括两个方面的要求：一是对问题的内容正确理解，样题中的第73小题就是考查对单词buffered的理解，第74小题考查根据村民描述，推知Shishmaref周围过去海冰情况，第75小题考查对村民重建社区的主要目的的把握。二是对问题的要求准确把握，第73题要求在原文中找词义最接近的词，那么就不能用自己想的词去回答;74题的答案不能超过8个单词，第75题的答案不得超过6个单词。只有这样，把问题弄明白了，才能保证答题的方向正确。
2. 查找相关信息是答题的关键
信息是答题的根据、答题的根本。如果找不出信息，也就无法答题。因此查找相关信息是正确答题的关键。然而一篇三百字左右的文章所包含的信息很多，考生不能胡乱找出一二句话作为答题的信息，而必须根据第一步对问题内容的理解，找出与问题内容相关的句子。从而使答案有据可查、有本可依，保证答案内容正确。
3. 正确表达是答题的目的
正确表达是答题的归宿、是答题的目的。如果表达不正确，轻则影响得分，重则前功尽弃。因此，在找出了与问题相关的信息后，就必须结合问题的要求，对信息进行加工、整合、处理，保证答案的形式正确，从而使答案正确无误。
三、答题技巧
考试时间短，任务重，怎样才能使考试作答又快又准呢?考生应该掌握一下答题技巧。
1. 先题后文，有的放矢
考生在答题之前，先浏览一下问题，弄清问题的内容和要求。然后带着问题去阅读文章，从而避免了文章中无关信息的干扰，使阅读有意识、有目的地进行。
2. 快速阅读，找出信息
阅读文章时，对于与问题无关的信息一扫而过，特别是对与问题无关的生词，当放下的就必须放下，切不可纠缠不清，耽误时间;而对于与问题相关的信息在阅读时就一边用笔将其圈划出来。如：
第73题的信息句为：Giant storm waves have so hit the place—once well buffered by sea ice 及20 to 30 miles of hard sea ice protected the village from powerful fall storms.。
第74题的信息句为20 to 30 miles of hard sea ice protected the village from powerful fall storms.和But the natives say the ice doesn’t freeze as solidly or as soon as it used to …
第75题的信息句为：Residents hope that in their new community they’ll be able to maintain their close ties, continue hunting animals, and keep fishing, much as their ancestors have done for centuries. 和We want to help keep their culture alive，…
待到把文章阅读完以后，只要对这些信息进行处理即可。
3. 研究信息，正确作答
通过对文章的阅读，找出了与问题相关的信息，那么就要回过头来，根据问题的要求对信息进行加工、处理。
对于73题：首先根据信息句的语境Giant storm waves have so hit the place—once well buffered by sea ice 猜出单词“buffered”的意思为“保护”，然后在从文章中找出含有“保护”意义单词的句子“20 to 30 miles of hard sea ice protected the village from powerful fall storms.”，于是可得出答案：“protected”。
对于第74题：首先根据信息句：“But the natives say the ice doesn’t freeze as solidly or as soon as it used to”及“20 to 30 miles of hard sea ice protected the village from powerful fall storms.”进行推知原来海冰的情况：过去20至30英里坚硬的冰保护着村庄，使村庄不受暴风雨的袭击;现在的冰没有原来冻结得那么硬、那么快了。于是，我们可以知道海冰原来的情况为：原来海冰覆盖了大片土地;过去的冰冻结得又快又硬。从而可以表达为：It froze more solidly and sooner或It covered a larger area.
对于第75题：首先根据信息句：“We want to help keep their culture alive.”和“Residents hope that in their new community they’ll be able to maintain their close ties, continue hunting animals, and keep fishing, much as their ancestors have done for centuries.”可知，村民们重建会社的目的有两个：保护他们的文化;拯救他们的生活方式。于是可以表达为To keep their culture alive. 或To save their way of life.(from www.nmet168.com)
4. 对照检查，确保无误
对问题进行作答后，若时间允许的话，应该将问题、相关信息及所作答案进行对照，检查意思是否准确一致、表达方式是否得当、单词拼写是否正确。这样确保答案无误，从而夺得本试题的高分。