逍遥学能 2015-05-06 09:48
一. 选准关系代词和关系副词
在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分，如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词来连接从句;如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来连接从句。例如：
(1)I still remember the days which / that we spent together .
(2)I still remember the days when we worked together .
二. 了解仅用that 引导限制性定语从句的几种情况
that 在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下，只能用that 来引导定语从句：
1. 先行词是all , much , few , little , everything , anything , nothing 等不定代词时。例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy ?
2. 先行词被all , few , little , much , every , some , no 等词修饰或被the only , the very , the same , the last 等限定词修饰时。例如：
These are all the pictures that I have seen .
This is the very dictionary that is of great help .
3. 先行词既指人又指物时。例如：
My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember .
4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：
Our school is not the one that it used to be .
5. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：
This is the best English film that I have ever seen .
The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities .
6. 主句是who 或which 引导的特殊问句时。例如：
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree ?
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday ?
三. 把握“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用
介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如：
That”s the reason for which he was late for school .
This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan .
注意：
1. 定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，介词应放在动词之后，不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如：
This is the key which you are looking for .
This is the baby whom you will look after.
2. 该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which .
四. 弄清as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别