逍遥学能 2015-04-03 12:05
【编者按】形容词、副词是每年高考必考点之一 ，近几年语境综合化程度越来越高，难度加大。高考热点有：形容词、副词词义辨析;原级、比较级、最高级的使用;倍数的表 达方法;比较等级的修饰语;多个形容词的排列顺序;常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。
专题五 形容词和副词
关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面：
1. 考查形容词和副词的基本用法
形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状语。
2. 考查形容词作定语的后置规律
形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：①形容词短语作定语时;②表语形容词作定语时;③修饰复合不定代词时。
3. 考查多个形容词作定语的排序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。
4. 考查副词在句中的位置规律
副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。
5. 考查–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别
-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。
6. 考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异
即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。
7. 考查形容词和副词的比较等级。
8. 考查比较等级的修饰语 。
考点1： 在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义
从复现的频率来看，此点是高考对形容词、副词考查的第一大热点。解答此类题关键是要分析具体的语境，结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。
经过统计，常见常考的形容词和副词有(按频度排列)：even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising
还有以下形容词和副词应当熟悉和掌握： a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively; adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentiv ely; bad; badly; besides; better; but; careful; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; shor t; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va-rious; weak; well
考点2：考查形容词、副词的比较级、最高级及前面的修饰语
【备考清单】
1) 比较级、最高级的选用及应用范围
比较级、最高级常用于表示两者或多者间的比较。复习中须注意如下句型的用法：
① as + 原级adj. / adv. + as表示“和……一样”及not as / so + 原级adj. / adv. + as表示“不如……”。例如：
(94全国) John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.
The piano in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good.
② as + 原级adj. + a(n) + n. + as表示“跟……一样”。例如：
(2001全国) It’s generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
(2003北京) Our neighbour has as big a house as ours.
③ 比较级 + than表“比……更”及less ... than表示“不如……”。例如：
This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.
This road is wider than that one.
④ the + 比较级， the + 比较级表示“越……，就越……”。例如：
(93上海) It’s believed that the harder you work, the better result you’ll get.
⑤ the +比较级+ of the + 名词 / 代词表示两者中“较……的”。例如：
Who is the younger of the two boys?
⑥比较级 + 比较级(越来越……)。___ 例如：
Our country is getting stronger and stro nger.
Things became worse and worse from then on.
⑦用the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不适合的”、“最不希望的”等。例如:
The last thing I want to do is to offend you.我最不愿意做的就是惹你生气。
He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不希望见的人。
2) 形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级前的程度状语
① 注意一些形容词或副词前的特定修饰语。例如：
(2004广东) Sometimes it was a bit boring to work the re because there wasn’t always that much to do. (那样多)
I quite like it. They are quite different / wrong.
quite possible / impossible
My hometown is much changed.
much to my surprise(很让我吃惊)
be well worth doing (很值得做)
② 比较级前常可用still, even, much, far, a lot / little / few / bit, rather, any, a great deal, so far, by far, no等词修饰。(注意more不用于修饰比较级)。例如：
(94全国) If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time.
(2000上海) You’re standing too near the cinema. Can you move a bit farther?
This is by far the better.
③ 最高级可用序数词、much、 by far、 nearly、 almost等词修饰。例如：
Afri ca is the second largest continent.
The Pacific is by far the largest ocean.
I like this film the very best / much the best.
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