逍遥学能 2015-03-30 09:37
本部分将常用易混词和词组归纳为127例，进行详细的辨析，并举例说明，以便于考生掌握使用。以下这些词大部分出现在大纲词表上，考生应在学习中特别注意加以区分。
(21)announce v. /declare v. /claim v.
announce的意思是“通知，宣布(结果，决定等)”;declare的意思是“宣布(公告，法律等)，声明”;claim意为“声称，要求得到，认领”。
例：She announced that the singer would give one extra song.
她宣布歌手将再加唱一首歌。
The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations.
中美双方宣布了双边外交关系的正常化。
They declared martial law in the mining communities.
他们宣布对矿区实行军事管制。
If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it?
请这部相机的失主前来认领。
She claims to be as good a pianist as Themelis!
她声称自己的钢琴弹得与Themelis一样棒。
(22)annoyed a. /upset a.
annoyed的意思是“不快的，恼火的”(比angry的程度要低)，从生气的角度讲不高兴;upset的意思是“不高兴，难过，不舒服”，从感到别扭的角度讲不高兴。
例：She was annoyed at your saying that.
你这么说让她很不自在。
I’ll be quite upset now, if you don’t come.
如果你不来，我会很不安的。
(23)apparatus n. /instrument n. /device n. /appliance n.
apparatus主要指“器械，装置，仪器，器官”;instrument主要指“仪器，工具，乐器”;device指“器具，装置，仪表，手段”;appliance指“器具，器械，家用电器等”。
例：The television men set up their apparatus, ready to film.
摄制组的人架好机器准备开拍。
All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use.
手术前，所有手术器械必须消毒。
The television receiver is an electronic device.
电视接收机是一种电子设备。
The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances.
厨房装备了现代化的炊事用具。
(24)appoint v. /assign v.
appoint的意思是“任命，指派，委任”，后多跟职位一类的名词;assign的相关意思是“分配，分派，指定”，后多跟具体的工作。
例：They appointed him Minister of Education.
他们任命他为教育部长。
She was appointed to the Chairmanship of the Committee.
她被任命为委员会的主席。
The problem was assigned to a commission.
这项任务交给了一个特别委员会去处理。
I assign you to wash the dishes.
我分配你去洗盘子。
(25)approach n. /method n.
这两个词都可以表示方法。approach常指“针对某一问题的解决处理方法”，后跟介词to;method泛指“任何方法”，适用范围比approach要广，后常跟介词of。
例：There is no very easy approach to mathematics.
数学研究上没有什么捷径。
It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening.
很奇怪，他们怎么会选择这种方式来打发这个晚上。
(26)approve v. /permit v. /admit v.
approve指较正式地对某种事情表示认可、赞同或批准;permit指允许、不禁止某人干某事;admit指容纳，允许进入，承认。
例：The mayoress approved the new building plans.
女市长批准了新建筑计划。
She won’t permit dogs in the house. 她不准许家中有狗。
He was admitted to the commission. 他被该委员会接纳。
(27)arise v. /arouse v.
arise是不及物动词，意为“发生，产生，出现”;arouse是及物动词，意为“引起，激起，唤起”。
例：A democratic movement has arisen. 一场民主运动应运而生。
We aroused him from his deep sleep. 我们把他从睡梦中唤醒。
(28)assemble v. /resemble v.
这两个词词形与发音相近，assemble意为“集中，集合，装配”;resemble意为“相像”。
例：People began to assemble on the platform. 人们开始向月台聚集。
In that factory they can assemble a car in less than 15 minutes.
在那家工厂，工人们不到15分种就装配好一部汽车。
Smith resembles his father very much in all his ways.
史密斯各方面都象他的父亲。
(29)assure v. /ensure v. /insure v. /reassure v.
assure和ensure都有“保证，确保”之意。assure指十分肯定地向某人保证某事一定要发生，使其放心，因此后面往往跟人做宾语。ensure则强调能保证某种行为或某事件的结果一定发生。insure特指保险，替……做保险;reassure意为“使人放心，使人安心，再向……保证”。
例：I assure you of the reliability of the information.
我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。
Ensure that it is written into your contract.
你得保证把这一点写到合同中去。
Is your house insured against fire?
你的房子做了防火保险了吗?
The woman was worried about the dangers of taking aspirins, but her doctor reassured her.
这名妇女担心服用阿司匹林会带来危险，她的医生让她放心，不会有危险的。
(30)assess v. /access n.
这两个词词形与发音很相近，容易搞混。assess是动词，意为“评估，估价”;access是名词，意为“通路，能接近或使用”，后常跟介词to。
例：The value of the property has been assessed at $70,000.
这处房产的估价为7万美元。
They sent someone to assess the value of the factory.
他们派人去评估那家工厂的价值。
The only access to the building is along the muddy track.
通往那座建筑物的惟一通道就是这条泥泞的小路。
Only senior students have the access to this reading room.
只有高年级的同学才能进这间阅览室。
(31)attach v. /stick v.
attach的主要意思是“附加，附着”，强调附加;stick的主要意思是“粘贴，贴附于，紧贴着，固定”，强调紧密。
例：Wires are then attached to the ends of the electrodes.
然后将导线接到电极的一端。
There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem attached.
每人都有一份礼物，每份礼物都附有一首得体的小诗。
Just stick 2 stamps on the envelope.
在信封上贴上两张邮票。
He stuck a rose in his buttonhole.
他在扣眼里插了一枝玫瑰。
(32)attribute to/owe to/due to
attribute to意为“归因于，认为是……的结果”;owe to意为“……应归功于……”;due to意为“由于，因……造成，归功于”，常用作表语或状语。
例：Mr. Dolittle attributes his good health to careful living.
杜德先生把自己的健康体魄归功于审慎的生活方式。
If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to you.
如果我有所进步的话，那应该归功于你。
His absence was due to the storm.
由于风暴他未能出席。
He failed due to carelessness.
他的粗心导致了他的失败。
(33)wake v. /awake v.&a. /waken v. /awaken v.
wake为动词，意思是“叫醒，醒来，唤醒”;awake意为“醒来，叫醒”，作形容词时意为“醒着”;waken是动词，意为“叫醒，闹醒”;awaken是动词，意为“叫醒”，多用于引申意义“觉醒，引起”。这四个词中最常用的是wake，尤其在口语中;awake和awaken多用其引申意义;awake常用作不及物动词;awaken/waken多用作及物动词。
例：My brother wakes at seven each morning.
我弟弟每天早上7点钟醒来。
This at once awakened suspicion.
这马上引起了大家的怀疑。
When he awoke Joseph was beside him.
当他醒来时，约瑟夫就在他身边。
The national spirit awoke.
民族精神觉醒了。
She gently wakened the sleeping child.
她轻轻地叫醒熟睡的孩子。
(34)award v.&n. /prize v.&n.
award作动词意为“发给……奖品等”，作名词意为“奖品，奖金等”;prize作动词意为“珍视”，作名词意为“奖品，奖金”，也可以指“宝贵的物或人”，prize还可以作形容词，意为“获奖的”。
例：The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.
奥林匹克冠军获得了金牌的奖励。
They awarded him the Nobel prize.
他们为他颁发诺贝尔奖。
Prizes will be given for the three best stories.
三部最佳作品将获奖。
Jane soon became popular for a prize rose.
简因那枝获奖玫瑰而远近闻名。
As a secretary she was a prize.
她真是一个不可多得的秘书。
(35)aware a. /notice v.&n.
aware意为“意识到的，认识到的”，常用词组be aware of;notice意为“注意到，察觉到”，notice还可以作名词，意为“通知，注意”。
例：She was not aware of his presence till he spoke to her.
直到他跟她讲话她才注意到他的存在。
She is politically aware.
她很有政治头脑。
Did you notice anything else peculiar?
你有没有注意到任何特别的东西?
They sent me a notice.
他们给我发了一个通知。
(36)behave v. /conduct v. /act v.
behave指人的行为、举止和表现。本为不及物动词，但用作此义时可与反身代词连用;conduct与behave在作“行为”、“举止”讲时同义，但强调自我控制、约束;act作“行为”、“举止”讲时，为不及物动词，不能和反身代词连用。
例：The child behaved (himself)badly at the party.
那孩子在聚会上的表现很差。
She conducted herself stoically in her time of grief.
她悲伤时，表现出奇的冷静。
She acts like a born leader.
她的举止象个天生的领导。
(37)blame v. /scold v.
blame的意思是“责备，怪罪，埋怨”;scold的意思是“(厉声)责骂，斥责”。
例：I don’t blame you, I blame myself.
我不怪你，我怪我自己。
He blamed his failure on his teacher.
他把自己的失败归咎于他的老师。
Her father scolded her for being too free with the soldiers.
她父亲斥责她与这些兵交往太随便。
(38)breed v. /feed v.
breed意为“养殖，培育，繁殖，教养”;feed意为“喂养，饲养”。
例：Some animals will not breed when kept in cages.
有些动物关在笼子里就会很难繁殖。
Many farmers breed cows and sheep.
许多农民养牛和羊。
She was feeding the baby with porridge.
她正用粥喂自己的宝宝。
The cows were feeding quietly in the meadows.
牛群在草地上静静地吃草。
(39)burden n. /load n.
burden意为“负担，包袱，担子”，多为贬义;load意为“装载物，负荷，工作量”，也可指“思想上的负担，压力”。
例：They don’t want to add to the government’s burden.
他们不想给政府添包袱。
He was faced with the severe financial burden.
他面临着严重的财政负担。
The bridge has been built to support very heavy load.
建这座桥是为了使重载车也能通过。
The load on her mind grew lighter.
她的思想负担轻了许多。
(40)campaign n. /champion n.
这两个词词形与发音相近，容易弄混。campaign意为“(竞选)运动，战役”;champion意为“冠军”。
例：The Germans were defeated in the campaign in North Africa.
德国人在北非战役中打了败仗。
The Party suggested a renewed campaign to raise production and practise economy.
该党建议发起新的一轮运动来提高生产，发展经济。
The champion issued a challenge to all other boxers to fight him.
拳击冠军向所有其他拳击手发出挑战。
(41)canal n. /channel n. /tunnel n.
canal意为“运河等人工开凿的河流”;channel的意思是“海峡，渠道”，频道;tunnel的意思是“隧道，地道”。
例：The big canal was completed in five years.
修建这条大运河花了5年时间。
The English Channel separates France from England.
英吉利海峡将英法两国隔开。
You should go through the official channels if you want the government to help.
如果你想得到政府的帮助，你就必须通过官方渠道。
The railroad passes under the mountain through a tunnel.
铁路经隧道从大山下面通过。
(42)candidate n. /applicant n. /competitor n. /representative n.
candidate意为“候选人，应征者”;applicant意为“申请人”;competitor意为“竞赛对手”;representative意为“代表”。
例：This time our candidate got 260 votes.
这一次我们的候选人获得了260张选票。
There were three applicants for the job.
这项工作有3个人申请。
Tell the competitors for the next race to come here.
告诉下一项比赛的参赛者到这里来。
James is our representative at the meeting.
詹姆斯在会上是代表我们的。