逍遥学能 2015-03-29 14:42
【摘要】鉴于大家对高中频道十分关注，小编在此为大家搜集整理了此文“高二英语知识重点：Module 2 Basketball”，供大家参考!
高二英语知识重点：Module 2 Basketball
一、单元要点
【主要词汇与短语】
absorb accelerate adequate ambulance angle appointed aside awesome bandage belly blanket bleed bounce bound boxing circuit collision commit confirm deserve dizzy entire forward (n.) generation hop howl motivation outstanding oval referee obtain parallel pulse scar slim sneaker sniff sock stout suspension tournament vest weep wrestling all the time be based on be rude to be used to draw sb's attention to grow up if necessary in the history of take possession of There is no doubt that… with an average of
【交际用语】
表达感情与情感
☆ Our team lost the match so we were very disappointed.
☆ Both teams were exhausted at the end of the game.
☆ Michael Jordan's decision to retire was surprising.
☆ I was amazed when I saw Yao Ming play for the first time.
☆ His ability and power are Astonishing.
【语法】
词性转换和后缀
二、难点解析
1. During the 1990s, Michael Jordan was probably the best-known athlete in the world.
20世纪90年代，迈克尔·乔丹可能是世界最著名的运动员。
(1)during the 1990s = during the 1990's 在 20 世纪 90 年代期间
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
注意：during the 1990s (是指在……期间动作延续中发生了什么事。)而in the 1990s(是指在 20 世纪 90 年代)
(2)best-known=most well-known 最有名的
This best-known doctor will operate on the baby's eyes.
这位最有名的医生将给那个婴儿做眼部手术。
2. He was named their most valued player five times.
他曾五次荣膺最有价值球员。
most valued player最有价值球员，可简写为MVP。
3. Jordan was born in New York and grew up in North Carolina.
乔丹出生于纽约，在北卡罗莱纳州长大。
grow up 长大，grown-up 成年人
4. He finished his first season (1984-1985) as one of the top scorers in the league, with an average of 28.2 points per game.
更多频道：
在第一个赛季(1984-1985)，他就以平均每场28.2分的成绩成为联盟得分最高的球员之一。
average 平均的;平均(数)
The average temperature is 15 ℃ today.
今天的平均温度是摄氏15度。
The average age of the boys in this class is 14.
这个班上男孩的平均年龄是14岁。
The average of 3, 8 and 10 is 7.
3、8 和 10 的平均数是7。
注意：
(1) below average 在一般水平以下。above the average 在一般水平以上。
(2) on an / the average 作为平均数，按平均数分配，平均来说，一般说来
On the average he receives about ten letters a week.
一般说来，他平均每周收到 10 封信。
5. In 1987, Jordan became only the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season.
1987年，乔丹成为在一个赛季中得分超过3000分的第二名球员。
score
(1)score n.(比赛、考试)分数
What's my score?
(2)二十
I want two score of eggs.
(3)scores (of)许多(的)
-How many people were there?
-There were scores (of them).
score v. 得(分)
She scored 120 in the IQ test.
(1)dozen n. 十二
I want two dozen eggs.
(2)dozens (of) 许多(的)
例题：
(1)改错:He got 80 scores out of 100 for geography.
答案：scores改为marks。
解析：mark"分"，score"分数"。此句还可说"He made a score of 80 out of 100 for geography."
(2)There are ________ eggs left in the refrigerator.
A.3 dozen B.3 scores of C.3 score D.3 dozen of
答案：A
解析：score和dozen表示"二十""十二"时，单复数同形，而且"score"后需有"of"再接名词。B、C选项若是"3 score of"就是正确的。
(3)I have been there ____ times.
A. scores of B. score of C. two scores D. scores
答案：A
解析：名词 score 表示"二十"的意思，用作此意时单数同形，而 scores of = a lot of，表示 "大量的""许多的"。
6. He was the top scorer in the NBA for seven consecutive seasons (1987-1993).
以后连续七个赛季(1987-1993)，他都是NBA的得分王。
consecutive=following in regular unbroken order 连续的;连贯的，依次相续的。如：
The numbers 4, 5, 6 are consecutive.
4、5、6三个数字是依次相接的。
It's been raining for five consecutive days.
已一连下了五天雨。
7. During this time, the average number of points he scored was more than 30 points per game.
这期间，他每场比赛的平均分都超过30分。
during在……期间;在……期间的某一点
They swim every day during the holidays.
他们在假期天天游泳。
The sun gives us light during the day.
太阳在白天给我们阳光。
He fell asleep during the lesson.
他在上课时睡着了。
I met a large number of people during my travel through America.
我到美国去旅行期间碰到了很多人。
Did you go to Paris during your travels?
你在旅途中有没有去巴黎?
Although 38 of the people died of diseases during expedition, Cooks died of proper food kept the rest of them healthy.
虽然有38人因病死亡，但其余的人由于库克所提供的适当饮食而保持着健康的身体。
8. Jordan surprised everyone when he retired before the 1993-1994 season, but he rejoined the Chicago Bulls and won three more championships with them from 1996 to 1998.
1993-1994赛季之前乔丹退役，引起举世震惊，但后来他又回到了芝加哥公牛队，并和队友们一起在1996到1998年间又获得了三次冠军。
(1)动词前面加前缀re-表示"重新，又，再"，因此rejoin的意思就是"再次加入"。类似的例子还有rebuild, replace, remarry, reuse, rewrite等。
(2)retire
①隐居;隐退
to retire from the world 遁世
He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad.
他现在正在退出政治生活，并已出国。
②退休
He retired from the business when he was 60.
他60岁时，退休了。
a retired worker 一名退休工人
9. They have fantastic stories to tell about Michael Jordan, such as the time when he rescued the Bulls from ending a game on a tie.
他们可以讲述很多关于迈克尔·乔丹的传奇故事，例如一次他在比赛的关键时刻拯救了公牛队，从而避免打成平局等等。
(1)rescue(常与from连用，rescue…from…表示"把……从某种状况下解救出来"。)营救;救出
to rescue many official papers from the building
从大楼里抢救出许多官方文件
rescue sb. from a difficult position
营救某人脱离困境
We rescued the boy who fell into the river.
我们救起了掉进河里的小孩。
The workers in danger must be rescued without delay.
必须立即挽救那些处于危险中的工人们。
The fireman broke into the room and rescued the old man.
消防队员强行冲入室内救出老人。
Doctors and nurses work hand in hand to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.
医生和护士密切配合，救死扶伤。
(2)tie在这里表示比赛打成平局。
The game ended on a tie.
这场比赛打成平局。
引申：
That tie doesn't go with the suit.
那条领带和这身西装不配。
tie … to … 把……系在……
He tied the horse to a big tree.
他把马系在那棵大树上。
Don't tie it to that old branch.
不要把那系在枯树枝上。
10. Chamberlain is the only NBA player who averaged over 50 points per game for an entire season.
张伯伦是整个赛季中每场比赛平均得分超过50分的唯一一名NBA球员。
11. At one point, Chamberlain was so much better than all the other players that they changed the rules of the game to try to stop him!
曾几何时，张伯伦比其他所有球员都优秀得多，以至于他们改变了比赛规则来试图限制他!
(1)at one point意思是"一度，曾经"。
(2)try to do sth.意为"设法，企图(做……)"
例题：
① The doctors are trying ______ a new kind of medicine to cure the patient.
A. using B. to use C. use D. used
答案：A
解析：此题考查try后跟不定式作宾语或跟v-ing形式作宾语时意思上的不同，try to do sth.意为"设法，企图(做……)"，而try doing sth.表示"试着做某事"，根据句意选A。
②I talked for a long time , and in the end I ______ make her believe me.
A. tried to B. managed to C. could D. succeeded to
答案：B。
解析：manage to do设法干成了……，try to do设法干……，succeed in doing成功地干……从语境in the end可知最后说服了对方。
12. The giant player joined the NBA's Philadelphia Warriors in the 1959-1960 season and was an immediate success.
1959-1960赛季间，这位篮球巨人加盟NBA费城勇士队并立即获得成功。
success在这里作为可数名词，意思是"成功的人或事"。
How he became a great success is known to us all.
他怎样成了一个成功人物大家都知道。
The family are very pleased about the news of William's success.
全家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴。
success 作不可数名词是"成功，好结果，考试及格";作可数名词是"成功的人或者事"
successful 成功的，有成就的
succeed 作不及物动词是"成功;顺利完成";作及物动词是"继……之后，接着就发生"
successfully 成功地，顺利地，圆满地
Failure is the mother of success.
(谚语)失败乃成功之母。
The Chinese singer has made a great success.
这个中国歌唱家大获成功。
That experiment succeeded at last.
实验终于成功了。
The stormy night ended, and a beautiful morning succeeded.
暴风雨的夜晚过去了，美丽的早晨跟着来临。
Both plans have been tried without success.
两个计划都已试过但未获得成功。
His operation was quite successful.
【测试要点】
(1)succeed + in + 动名词(或者名词)在……成功 = manage to do sth = was/were able to do sth
Did he succeed in (passing) the final examination?
他期终考试及格了吗?
He succeeded in winning the first place.
他获得了第一名。
They succeeded in solving the problem.
他们终于解决了这个问题。
(2)succeed + sb 继承某人的……
He will succeed his father as manager of the shop.
他将接替父亲担任商店的经理。
Who succeeded Mr. Bush as president?
谁继布什先生出任总统?
(3)a (great) success 一个(十分)有成就的人，一件(十分)成功的事
The show was a great success. 这次表演非常成功。= The show was successful.
He was a great success in business.
他事业非常成功。
As we all know ,he is a success as an actor.
众所周知，他是一个成功的演员。
(4)be successful + in 在……成功
They were successful in sending up another man-made satellite.他们成功地发射了另一颗人造卫星。
13. By the time he retired, Wilt held many NBA records.
一直到退役，威尔特还保持多项NBA纪录。
record vt. ：
①to write down so that it will be known 记录，记载
②to preserve so that it can be heard or seen again 录音，录象
注意动词读作[ri?k ∶d]，名词读作[?rek ∶d]
Listen to the speaker and record what he says.
The traveller kept a record of their journey.
record作"体育项目记录"解时，可有如下搭配：
set(up)/establish a record 创纪录;break a record 打破纪录;hold a record保持纪录
14. But there is no doubt that he deserves the title "outstanding player of his generation".
但是毫无疑问，他无愧于"一代杰出球员"这一称号。
doubt vt.怀疑, 不相信(feel doubt about, mistrust), 它有下面几种用法:
①接名词或代词作宾语
I doubt the truth of it.
我怀疑这件事的真实性。
He says he can cure me, but I still doubt him.
他说他能治好我的病, 但我不相信。
②在否定句和疑问句中接以that引导的宾语从句。
I don't doubt that Chinese diet is the healthiest in the world.
我相信中国的饮食是世界上最健康的饮食。
Do you doubt that the girl will win the prize?
你怀疑那女孩会得奖吗?
③在肯定句中一般接以whether或if引导的宾语从句。
We doubt whether / if he will be invited to the party.
我们怀疑他是否会被邀请参加晚会。
另外doubt可用作名词, 意为"怀疑"(不可数), 疑虑, 不确定(可数)。
When in doubt about the meaning of a word, looking it up in a dictionary.
当你拿不准一个词的意义时, 就查一下词典。
A sudden doubt came to my mind.
我心里突然起了疑团。
在肯定句中, doubt后面可接以whether引导的从句, 例如:
She had her doubt whether he would come.
她不能肯定他是否会来。
在否定句There is no doubt和I have no doubt后面可接that引导的从句。
There is no doubt that he will succeed.
毫无疑问, 他会成功。
例题：
There is no doubt _____ the prices of ears will go down soon.
A. that B. which C. whether D. about
答案：A
解析：There is no doubt that..."毫无疑问……"。
15. It is not in his nature to be "selfish" and "rude".
他天生就不自私粗野。
nature在此表示人的天性/品质，in one's nature意思是"天生如此"。
Peter has a happy nature. He is a good-natured boy.
彼得生性快乐，他是个性情善良的小伙子。
16. Teachers at the school were shocked and angry but Webb Ellis's schoolmates enjoyed this new game, which they named after the school.
该校的老师大为震怒，但韦布·埃利斯的同学都喜欢这种新玩法，就用他们的校名作为该运动的名字。
name after…以……命名：
Each hurricane is named after the same day on which it arrives.
最初的台风是用它们发生的日期命名的。
The boy was named George after his uncle.
那孩子随他舅父的名子取名乔治。
17. Naismith attached two baskets to two tall poles at each end of the gymnasium and gave the players a soccer ball and told them to try to throw the ball into the baskets.
奈史密斯把两只篮子分别固定在体育馆两边的高柱子上，然后他给运动员们一只足球并让他们尽量把球投进篮框里。
attach = to fasten in position; fix or connect 系，绑，贴;连接;附着
Be careful of the handle-it's not very well attached.
当心那个手柄--它接得不太牢。
attach label to parcel
给包裹贴标签
18. Cartwright is called "the father of baseball" because the modern rules of the game are very similar to his original rules.
卡特赖特被称为"棒球之父"，因为这项运动的现代规则跟他最初制订的规则非常相似。
A is similar to B (A 和B 相似)
Little Tom's homework is similar to my brother's.
小汤姆的作业和我弟弟的很相似。
A cat is similar to a tiger in many ways.
猫和考虑在很多方面相似。
三、词语辨析
1. grow up; grow into; grow out; grow on / upon; grow out of
grow up 长大
When you grow up, what are you going to be?
你长大后想干什么?
grow into 成长为;变为。
He has grown into a fine young man.
他已成长为一位潇洒的青年。
grow out 肿胀;膨胀。
He had his leg hurt and it began to grow out.
他腿部受了伤，开始肿胀了。
grow out of 来自于;源于;变得不适合了。
His troubles grew out of his carelessness.
他的烦恼来自于他的粗心大意。
The boy grew out of his clothes.
这孩子长得衣服都不合身了。
grow on / upon 逐渐加强;渐渐使人喜欢。
The wish to New York grew upon Miss Green.
格林小姐愈来愈想去纽约了。
Football grew on Billy as he grew older.
随着年龄的增长，比利对足球的兴趣愈来愈浓。
2. entire、whole、total、complete
entire、whole、total、complete 这组词作为形容词都是指"全部的，完整的"，即丝毫没有失去、损坏或省略的(事物) 。
entire 与 whole 在许多情况下可以通用。例如：
The people's government has the support of the entire(whole) population.
人民政府得到全民的支持。
whole 常用来强调某事物的完整性，即没有任何部分被忽略或舍去相当于 every part. 在日常语言中，whole 远比 entire 用得多。例如：
One day the police even used their sticks during a peaceful march by blacks , and this was seen across the whole country on TV.
(也可用 entire) 有一天，黑人在进行和平进军的时候，警察使用了警棍，这个情景全国的电视上都看到了。
entire 可以修饰抽象名词，whole 则不能。如：
This would destroy the entire peace of the Middle East.
这将会破坏整个中东和平。
total 与上面两词的主要不同在于它有较强烈的计算意味，强调总量，意为"全部的"，"总计的"，实际上就是对现存的 whole 的大小作精确的估计。如：
By the end of the year , the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars , all of which were sent to Africa.
到年底为止，筹集到的全部款项达到9200多万美元。所有这些钱全部送往非洲了。
complete 强调所有需要的或正确的部分都存在。
相比之下，它的意思是完成了的或完善的，指所有指标的兑现或目的的实现。如：
The work is now complete ; we can have a holiday.
工作现在完成了;我们可以去度假了。
The total number of tourists chosen so far is forty-eight, but the tourist party is not yet complete.
到目前为止挑选的旅游者的总数是48人，可是这旅游团还未满员。
综上所述，除 whole 以外，当描写毫无例外和毫无保留的包罗全体的抽象概念时，其他三词都可换用。如：
I have entire (or total or complete) control of the project.
我对这项工程有完全的控制权。
四、语法重点
构词法
英语主要有三种构词法：转化、派生和合成.
1.转化：由一个词类转化为另一词类.
(1)动词转化为名词
e.g.
swim→to go for a swim
look→to have a look at
study→to make a study
walk→to take a walk
visit→to pay a visit
(2)名词转化为动词
e.g.
water(水)→to water the trees (浇树)
plant(植物)→to plant the vegetables (种菜)
fool(傻瓜)→to fool somebody (愚弄某人)
hand(手)→hand in the homework (交作业)
(3)形容词转化为动词
slow→to slow down (慢下来)
empty→to empty the glass (倒空杯子)
(4)形容词转化为名词
rich→the rich (富人)
young→the young (年轻人)
2.派生：通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词.
(1)前缀
e.g.
un- happy(快乐的) unhappy(不快乐的)
dis- like(喜欢) dislike(不喜欢)
im- possible(可能的) impossible(不可能的)
mis- understand(理解) misunderstand(误解)
super- market(市场) supermarket(超级市场)
kilo- metre(米) kilometre(千米)
in- visible(看得见的) invisible(看不见的)
ir- repdsr(规则的) irregular(不规则的)
re- write(写) rewrite(重写)
(2)后缀
e.g.
-er work(工作) worker(工人)
-or visit(访问) visitor(参观者)
-ese Japan(日本) Japanese(日本人)
-ing build(建筑) building(建筑物)
-ment move(移动) movement(运动)
-ship friend(朋友) friendship(友谊)
-ful care(关心) careful(仔细的)
-ly brave(勇敢的) bravely(勇敢地)
-ence differ(不同) difference(不同)
-ance import(重要性) importance(重要)
-ure fail(失败) failure(失败)
-th true(真的) truth(真理)
-ity active(积极的) activity(活动)
-y difficult(困难的) difficulty(困难)
-ness ill(有病的) illness(疾病)
-ism social(社会的) socialism(社会主义)
-ist social(社会的) socialist(社会主义的)
-less care(关心) careless(粗心的)
-ive act(行为) active(积极的)
-ous fame(名声) famous(出名的)
-1y friend(朋友) friendly(友好的)
-en wood(木料) wooden(木制的)
-able comfort(安慰) comfortable(愉快的)
-en hard(硬的) harden(变硬)
3.合成：由两个或更多的词组成一个词.
e.g.
good-looking好看的 peace-loving爱好和平的
reading--room阅览室 however然而
pencil-box铅笔盒 well-known出名的
everyday每天 son-in-law女婿
grown-up成年人 new-born新生的
【总结】2013年已经到来，高中寒假告示以及新的工作也在筹备，小编在此特意收集了寒假有关的文章供读者阅读。