逍遥学能 2014-10-06 20:28
本部分将常用易混词和词组归纳为127例，进行详细的辨析，并举例说明，以便于考生掌握使用。以下这些词大部分出现在大纲词表上，考生应在学习中特别注意加以区分。
(104)warning n. /remark v.&n. /notice v.&n. /advertisement n. /announcement n.
warning指为避免某种不良后果出现及时发出的的警告;remark指对人或事发出的有见解性的评论或观后感;notice指较为正式的官方通告、通报或对不熟悉情况者发出的警告;advertisement指发布广告或大肆宣扬;announcement指宣告，发表，公告，使公开知道的行为。
例：Because of her warning, I was careful.
由于她的提醒，我很小心。
It is rude to remark upon the appearance of other people.
对别人的外表评头论足是粗鲁的。
The school put us on notice for chronic lateness.
因经常迟到学校将我们的名字公布在公告栏上。
The company made many advertisements on TV and radio to publicize their new products.
这家公司在电视和广播上做了很多广告来宣传他们的新产品。
He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition with bated breath.
他屏息静气地等待宣布竞赛结果。
(105)worth a. /worthy a. /worthwhile a. /valuable a.
worth多作表语用，指对某一用途有特殊价值的或相当于多少价值，后接doing;worthy指有价值的、配得上的、与……相符相称的，除在书面语体中用作定语外，一般作表语，后接of doing;worthwhile指值得花时间去研究或付诸实施的;valuable指某物具有实用性方面、交换方面或其他方面的价值、意即“有价值的”、“贵重的”。
例：I don’t think this book is worth reading twice.
我认为这本书不值得看两遍。
This novel is worthy of wide concern from the media/being widely noticed by the media.
这部小说值得媒体给予广泛的关注。
Do you think it is worthwhile to spend so much money carrying out this project?
你认为花这么多钱来实施这个项目值得吗?
valuable information重大的消息;valuable advice重要的建议
(106)a few/a little
两个词组都表示“少许，一些”。a few与可数名词一起用;a little多与不可数名词一起用。
例：A few people know it.
有几个人知道。
Don’t worry, you still have a little time.
别担心，你还有一点时间。
(107)a great deal/a great many
两个词组都表示“大量的，许多”。前者与不可数名词一起用;后者与可数名词一起用。
例：A great deal of work awaits us.
大量工作等着我们去做。
We have a great many things to do at present.
我们目前有许多事要做。
(108)(be/get/become)accustomed to/used to
be accustomed to表示“习惯于某事”;used to意为“曾经做”。
例：Have you got accustomed to the weather here?
你已经习惯这里的天气了吗?
He used to play guitar with my cousin.
他过去和我的表哥一起弹吉他。
(109)add to /add up to
add to表示“加到……，增加，增强”;add up to表示“总计，总起来看，意味着……”。
例：She added sugar to her tea.
她往茶里加了点糖。
The music added to our enjoyment.
音乐使我们更加愉快。
The money he spent add up to more than $2,000.
他一共花了2,000多美元。
Your long answer just adds up to a refusal.
你这么罗嗦的回答，意味着你将会被人拒绝。
(110)as well/as well as
as well的意思是“也，还”;as well as的意思是“不仅……，还”。
例：It has been a great grief for him as well!
这对他来说也是极大的悲恸。
She is a talented speaker as well as being a musician.
她不但是音乐家还是一个天才的演讲者。
(111)at last/in the end
at last的意思是“最终，最后”，常指经过努力后的最终结果;in the end的意思是“末尾，结尾，事情的最后时刻”。
例：At last I found my lost bicycle in a deserted house.
我终于在一所废弃的房子里找到了我丢失的自行车。
I hope everything will turn out all right in the end.
我希望结束时一切顺利。
(112)after all/at all
after all的意思是“毕竟”;at all的意思是“一点也(不)”。
例：Don’t be fussy about what he did. After all he is only a child.
别对他的所作所为太苛求，他毕竟还是个孩子。
I’m not at all interested in what he said.
我对他说的话根本不感兴趣。
(113)break out /break through/break down
break out意为“爆发，进发”;break through意为“打破，冲破”;break down意为“抛锚，出故障，失败”。
例：Riots and disorders have broken out.
这里已经发生了骚乱与混乱。
He broke out laughing.
他突然大笑了起来。
The Allies sought to break through the German lines.
盟军试图突破德军的防线。
Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against cancer.
科学家们希望在与癌症的较量中尽早有所突破。
Our car broke down on our way to the village.
在去乡下的路上，我们的车抛锚了。
Their negotiation broke down because neither side would compromise.
由于双方都不让步，他们的谈判最终破裂了。
(114)at all cost/by all means/by means of
at all cost意为“不惜一切代价”;by all means意为“竭力，千方百计”;by means of意为“用……手段(方法、方式)”。
例：Mr. Jackson intended to save his son’s life at all cost.
杰克逊先生打算不惜一切代价抢救他儿子的生命。
We must get there by all meanings before he has a chance to break the news to her.
我们必须尽全力在他有机会把消息透露给她之前赶到那里。
The fisherman saved himself by means of a floating log.
渔夫靠一块漂浮的圆木幸免于难。
(115)call for/call up
call for意为“来找人，要求，需要(采取行动)等”;call up意为“打电话，想起，征召入伍等”。
例：I’ll call for you at nine.
我9点钟来探望你。
Success school calls for much hard work.
成功需要付出努力。
On reaching the city, she called up Lester.
一到达这个城市她就给莱斯特打电话。
He was called up for military duty.
他应征入伍。
The picture of the Capitol called up memories of our class trip.
国会大厦的图片使我想起我们班的旅行。
(116)come about/work out/figure out
come about意为“发生，造成”;work out意为“经过努力做出，得出，算出”;figure out意为“想出，算出，弄明白”。
例：How did this dangerous state of affairs in Europe come about?
欧洲危险的形势是如何造成的?
I tried to figure out what he meant.
我想弄明白他的意思。
We must work out a better method of saving paper.
我们必须想出节约纸张的更好方法。
We must work out how we are going to do it.
我们必须想出该如何做这件事。
(117)come round/come to
come round意为“复原，苏醒，恢复健康等”，round是副词;come to意为“涉及，来到，苏醒，恢复知觉”，to是介词，后面跟的consciousness等词常省略。
例：The man was stunned, but he came round after a time.
那个人先是一愣，但很快便恢复了常态。
When it comes to mathematics, I’m all thumbs.
一提起数学，我是一窍不通。
She is unconscious now, but may come to at intervals.
她现在失去了知觉，但会时而苏醒一阵儿。
(118)cut back/cut down
两个词组都有“削减，减少”的意思，可以互换使用。但有时cut back着重表达不再增加、部分收回或回到原水准而造成的减少;而cut down则多指实际量上的减少。
例：The government has decided to cut back this year’s military expense.
政府决定削减今年的国防开支。
I have decided to cut down my smoking.
我已决定减少吸烟次数。
(119)due to/owe…to…
due to意为“应属于……，由于……，因为……”;owe to意为“归功于……”。
例：A great deal of money is due to you.
一大笔钱应属于你。
His absence was due to the bad weather.
由于恶劣的天气，他未能出席。
We owe everything to you, Doctor.
大夫，一切都应归功于你。
We owe this success to luck more than to capacity.
我们的成功主要是因为运气，而不单单是能力。
(120)face to/face up to
face to意为“面对，面临，朝着”;face up to意为“大胆面对，勇于面对”。
例：The house faces to the east.
这所房子面朝东。
He faced up to his troubles manfully.
他勇敢地面对自己的麻烦。
(121)give up/give in
give up多指“放弃”;give in多指“认输，投降”。
例：She gave up her job to look after her invalid mother.
她放弃了自己的工作，回来照看自己有病的母亲。
As neither of us would give in, the bargain fell through.
由于我们都不让步，买卖终未成功。
(122)go over/go through
go over意为“检查，审阅，复习”;go through除了与go over一样可以表示“审阅，检查”的意思外，还可以表示“做完，做一遍，翻找，搜寻”的意思。
例：Let’s go over every detail again. We’ll start work tomorrow.
咱们再把所有的细节过一遍，然后明天就开始工作。
He went over his notes before the exam.
考试前，他将课堂笔记温习了一遍。
Mother went through the drawer looking for the sweater.
母亲把抽屉整个翻了一遍，寻找那件毛衣。
I’d like to have you go through the book.
我希望你能把这本书浏览一下。
Let’s go through the exercises.
咱们来做这些练习。
(123)hang on to/hold on to
hang on to意为“不肯放弃，专心在……上面，紧紧抓住不放”;hold on to意为“抓住不松手”，强调要坚持。
例：There are some people who hang on to their jobs long after they should have retired.
有些人早到了退休年龄却还一直在工作岗位上。
Hold on to my hand tightly while we cross this street.
过街时，抓紧我的胳膊。
Don’t panic, just hold on to that rock and I’ll come and save you.
别慌，抓住那块石头别松手，我这就来救你。
(124)in addition/in addition to
in addition意为“此外”，不强调前边提到的事;in addition to也表示“另外，此外”，但常指在前面提及事情的基础上的附加。前者相当于副词，后者相当于介词。
例：In addition to this subject, they also taught history and geography.
除了这门课,他们还教历史和地理。
In addition, he was taught how to repair cars.
此外，人们还教他如何修小汽车。
(125)look into/see through
look into意为“调查，深入了解”;see through意为“看穿，识破”。
例：I’ve been looking into that case this week.
这周我一直在调查这个案子。
He could see through her lies.
他能识破她的那些谎话。
(126)so that/so…that
so that用于表示目的或结果的状语从句;so…that则用于表示程度的状语。
例：Let’s try and arrange so that we can get there at one o’clock.
咱们来安排一下，这样我们可以在一点钟赶到那里。
One of her lungs is affected a little so that she has to rest.
她的一侧肺部受到一点感染，所以她需要休息。
He was so young that you must excuse him.
他太年轻，你必须原谅他。
So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day.
月亮真亮，照得这些花象白天一样明亮。
(127)turn to/turn into
turn to多用来表示“转向……，求助于”;turn into意为“转变成……，变成”。
例：They always turn to me when they are in trouble.
一有麻烦，他们就来向我求助。
The first book to turn to on that subject is the Encyclopaedia.
关于这个题目，首先应去查百科全书。
The sofa turns into a bed.