逍遥学能 2018-12-03 10:43
三、非金属氢化物(HF、HCl、H2O、H2S、NH3)
1、还原性:
4HCl(浓)+MnO2===MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O
4HCl(g)+O2===2Cl2+2H2O
16HCl+2KMnO4===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O
14HCl+K2Cr2O7===2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O
2H2O+2F2===4HF+O2
2H2S+3O2(足量)===2SO2+2H2O
2H2S+O2(少量)===2S+2H2O
2H2S+SO2===3S+2H2O
H2S+H2SO4(浓)===S+SO2+2H2O
3H2S+2HNO(稀)===3S+2NO+4H2O
5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O
3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2O
H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOH
2NH3+3CuO===3Cu+N2+3H2O
2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl
8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4Cl
4NH3+3O2(纯氧)===2N2+6H2O
4NH3+5O2===4NO+6H2O
4NH3+6NO===5N2+6H2O(用氨清除NO)
NaH+H2O===NaOH+H2
4NaH+TiCl4===Ti+4NaCl+2H2
CaH2+2H2O===Ca(OH)2+2H2
2、酸性:
4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O
(此反应广泛应用于测定矿样或钢样中SiO2的含量)
2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HCl
H2S+Fe===FeS+H2
H2S+CuCl2===CuS+2HCl
H2S+2AgNO3===Ag2S+2HNO3
H2S+HgCl2===HgS+2HCl
H2S+Pb(NO3)2===PbS+2HNO3
H2S+FeCl2===
2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2
(NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3)