小学英语:十类词性分类及用法

逍遥学能  2018-10-22 08:48

some

用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用。

如: Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?

代词

人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前。

主格分别是 I ,you, he, she, it ,we ,you ,they。

宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后。

宾格分别是me ,you, him, her ,it, us ,you ,them。

如:Open them for me.Let us …, join me等。

形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用。

分别是my ,your, his ,her, its, our, your, their。

名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词。

分别是mine ,yours ,his, hers ,its, ours, yours ,theirs。

介词

介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式。

如:be good at running;

do well in jumping.

时间介词

季节前,月份前用介词in。

如:in summer;in March

具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on。

如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning

在几点钟前用介词at

如:at a quarter to four

只在上下午晚上用in

如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;但在夜间用at night。

注:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.

..

名词复数的构成方法有规则的有:

(1)直接在名词后加s

如:orange?oranges; photo?photos

(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es

如:box?boxes; glass?glasses; waitress?waitresses; watch?watches;peach--peaches

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如:study?studies;library?libraries; hobby?hobbies; family?families

(4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v+es

如:knife?knives; thief?thieves

(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mango?mangoes其余加s,)

不规则的有

man?men; woman?women; people?people; child?children

动词第三人称单数的构成

(1)直接在动词后加s

如:run?runs; dance?dances

(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es

如:do?does;go?goes;wash?washes;catch?catches

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如:study?studies; carry?carries

现在分词的构成

(1)直接在动词后加ing

如:sing?singing; ski?skiing

(2)双写词尾加ing

如:swim?swimming; jog?jogging;run?running

(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing

如:ride?riding; dance?dancing; make?making

规则动词过去式的构成

(1)直接在动词后加ed

如:clean?cleaned; milk?milked; play?played

(2)以e结尾的直接加d

如:dance?danced; taste?tasted

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed

如:study?studied;carry?carried

(4)双写词尾加ed

如:stop?stopped; jog?jogged

不规则的有:

am,is?was; are?were; do,does?did; have,has?had; go?went; meet?met; sit?sat; see?saw; get?got; tell?told; run?ran; come?came; steal?stole; read?read

形容词副词比较级的构成规则的有

(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er

如:small?smaller; low?lower

(2)以e结尾的加r

如:late?larer

(3)双写词尾加er

如:big?bigger; thin?thinner; fat?fatter

(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er

如:heavy?heavier; early?earlier

不规则的有

good, well?better(最高级为best); many, much--- more(最高级为most); far---farther

Rain和Snow的用法

(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词

如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。

(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:

动词原形rain, snow;

第三人称单数rains ,snows;

现在分词raining; snowing;

过去式rained; snowed。

如:

①Look! It is raining now.瞧!天正在下雨。

②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。

③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。

④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。

(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

如:It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。

If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。


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