逍遥学能 2014-05-24 10:27
系动词的功能
把表语(名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句)和它的主语联系在一起，说明主语的属性、特征或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义，不能在句中独立作谓语，须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。
系动词分类：
一、根据系动词后所跟结构，我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类：完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词，如be, seem)和半系动词(其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如look) 例如：1) He looked sadly at the boy.(“看着”，实义动词用法) He looks a clever boy .(“看起来”，系动词用法) 2) He looks at a clever boy.(“看着”，实义动词用法)
在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法。此类常见易混词有： change listen look touch ① turn ② hear ③ see ④ become sound seem feel eat continue last remain ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ continue ⑧ stay taste keep remain leave
二、根据系动词的意义，我们把英语系动词分为四类：A.五大感官系动词 B.状态系动词C.动态系动词 D.双谓语系动词A.五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词。1.look“看起来像是”，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。 The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思。2.smell“闻起来”，后接adj.分词。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花气味真香。3.sound“听起来”，后接adj.\分词。 The music sounds sweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳。4.taste“尝起来”，后接adj.\分词。The apples taste very good. 这些苹果很好吃。5.Feel ①“摸起来，给……感觉”;②“觉得”，后接adj./p.p. You will feel better after a night’s sleep. 睡上一晚，你会觉得好些。B.状态系动词：1.be，“是”，属完全系动词。 I am a student. 我是一个学生。2.seem,“似乎，好像”，完全系动词。 They seem quite happy. 他们似乎很快乐。3.appear,“显得，看起来好像”，半系动词。 It appeared(to be)a true story.看来这是一个真实的故事。4.keep, “保持……的状态”，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语。 You’d better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。5.remain,“仍是”，半系动词。 I remained silent. 我仍然缄默。6.stay“保持(某种状态)”，半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词。 The window stayed open all the night.7.prove “证明是”，半系动词，后接adj.. The treatment proved to be successful. 这种疗法证明是成功的。C.动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。1.get“变成，变得……起来”，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。 The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了。 2.fall“进入(某种状态)，成为”，后常接以下形容词：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat. The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. 那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了。 My father fell ill and died. 我的父亲生病死了。3.grow“渐渐变得……起来，长得” It’s growing warm. 天气渐渐暖和起来了。4.turn“转变成(新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质)，变质(色)”。 Maple trees turn red in autumn. 枫叶在秋天变红了。 5.go，“变成(某种坏的状态)” The telephone has gone dead. 电话不通了。 The material has gone a funny colour. 这料子的颜色变得奇怪了。 go之后常接的adj. 还有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey, naked. 6.become“变成，成为(好坏均可的情况)”I became interested in drawing. 我开始对素描感兴趣了。 He became angry with me. 他对我生气了。
7.come，“变成为(已知的状态)，证实为”，后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。His wish to become a pilot has come true. 他想当飞行员的愿望实现了。
后面常接的形容词还有：apart, dear(昂贵)，natural, open, short, right(好了)，unstuck(没有粘住)，untied(松开)。 8.run,“变成”，后接adj. The price ran high. 价格上升了。9.make，“达到某种状态[后接形容词]，如sure, certain, merry, bold, free We must make certain of facts.我们一定要弄清事实。
D.双谓语系动词 此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义。
例如：The run rose red.太阳升起红艳艳。She stopped and stood quite still.她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆积在地上。He married young. 他结婚很早。Lei Feng died young.雷锋早逝。He continued silent.他继续沉默不语。IV.系动词与高考及其练习
1.系动词出现于单项选择题中 ①The story sounds_________________(MET 89) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true②Those oranges taste__________(MET 91) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well③---Are you feeling___________? ---Yes, I’m fine now/(NMET92) A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better④----Can I join the club, Dad. ----You can when you _________a bit older.(NMET 94) A. get B. will get C. get D. will have got ⑤---Do you like the material? ----Yes, it _______very soft.(NMET 94) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt⑥I love to go to the seaside on Summer. It_____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.(NMET 96) A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes⑦Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______by the hour.(NMET 98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay⑧Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _____ for several days.(NMET2003) A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed(以上七题答案分别如下：1.D, 2.A, 3.B, 4.A, 5.C, 6.B, 7.C, 8.B) 2.系动词与短文改错 They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.(were)
I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.(be) 3.系动词巩固练习 ①What you have said_______. A.is sounded interesting B sounds interestingC.sound interested D.listens interested ②The class begins. Please keep________. A.silent B.silence C.the silence D.silently ③Look! Several people in the crowd seemed_______. A.to be fighting B.to have fought C.being fought D.having fought ④How _____the song she sings sounds! I have never ______a better voice. A.beautifully, sounded B.beautiful, sounded C.sweet, listened to D.sweet, heard ⑤Her feeling about the marriage ______rather strange. A.is looked B.is seemed C.seems D.is appeared ⑥The new shirt______ right. A.doesn’t feel B.isn’t felt C.isn’t feeling D.doesn’t touch ⑦How happy it_______ for me to be home again after twenty years abroad! A.gives B.feels C.is felt D.is given ⑧John _____driver since two months ago. A.became a B.has become a C.has turned D.has been a ⑨He _____he felt very _______over the death of the boy. A.seemed that, sad B.seemed as if, sadly C.looked as though, sad D.looked that, sadness ⑩The ice_____ thick on the river. A.is lain B.lay C.laid D.lie(其答案分别是：1——5：BAADC，6——10：ABDCB)
一、表语从句的定义：表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
二、表语从句的构成：关联词+简单句
三、引导表语从句的关联词的种类： 1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。 2. 从属连词whether, as, as if / though引导的表语从句He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
3. because, why引导的表语从句That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。 (That's because...强调原因) That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。 (That's why...强调结果) what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。 The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我难过的原因是他没有理解我。4. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 5. 从属连词that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。6. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用"should+动词原形" 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
四、应注意的问题：1. 连系动词be，appear，seem，look等之后可以跟表语从句。It was because he didn't pass the exam. 那是因为他没有通过考试。It seems(that)he was late for the train. 看来他没搭上火车。It appears that she was wrong. 看来她错了。It seems to me that we should answer for this. 在我看来，我们似乎应该对此事负责。It appears to her that he wants to teach us all he has. 在她看来，他似乎要把他所会的都教给我们。2. 引导表语从句的引导词有以下几类。1)wh-疑问词My question is who left. 我想问的是谁离开了。 That's what he wants. 那是他想要的。What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何时离开的。This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。That is why he didn't come here. 这就是他为何没到这儿来的原因。2)whether My question is whether he left(or not). 我的问题是他是否离开了。 注：if不能引导表语从句。3)that The fact is that he left. 事实是他离开了。The truth is(that)I didn't go there. 事实是我没去那儿。 注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。4)because，as，as if，as though It's just because he doesn't know her. 这是仅仅因为他不认识她。Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。
He looks as if he's tired. 他好像累了