逍遥学能 2018-09-28 16:49
◆failure & success n.
failure(失败) 和 success(成功)是一对反义词,但用法上有不少相似之处和需注意之处: 1. 泛指一般意义的“失败”或“成功”,通常是不可数名词;指具体的失败(成功)的人或事等,或指一次失败或成功等,通常是可数名词。如:
Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
If you fail, make failure a stepping stone to success. 假若你失败,就把它当作通向成功的垫脚石。
Success came after many failures. 多次失败之后,终于获得了成功。
He is a failure (success) in business. 他在生意上很失败(成功)。
It was said that the party was a failure (success). 据说晚会开得不成功(很成功)。
2. 表示未能做某事,通常用 one’s failure to do sth;表示成功地做了某事,通常用 have success in doing sth。如:
His failure to help us was disappointing. 他未能帮助我们真是令人失望。
Did you have any success in persuading her to come? 你说服了她来吗?
表示在某一方面的失败或考试不及格等,可用介词 in。如:a failure in duty(失职),failure in love(失恋),one’s failure in an exam(考试不及格)
◆familiar adj.
1. 表示“熟悉的”。若是指某人熟悉某事物,通常只用作表语,其后通常连用介词 with;若是指某事物为某人所熟悉,此时可用作表语或定语,其后通常连用介词 to:
Are you familiar with these details? 你熟悉这些细节吗?
It’s a familiar face. 那是一张熟悉的面孔。
His voice on the phone sounded familiar to me. 他在电话上的声音我听起来很熟悉。
比较:
We are familiar with his name. 我们熟悉他的名字。
His name is familiar to us. 他的名字我们熟悉。
有时由某人熟悉某事物引申表示某人精通某事物,此时也只用作表语,也通常与介词 with 连用。如:
He is familiar with English. 他精通英语。
2. 表示“友好的”、“不拘礼节的”等,可用作表语或定语,通常与介词 with 连用:
He’s familiar with us. (=He’s on familiar terms with us). 他与我们关系很友好。
She greeted them by their first names in a familiar way. 她与他们打招呼时亲切地直呼其名。
有时表示“过分亲密的”、“放肆的”,也常与 with 连用。如:
The man makes himself [=is] too familiar with my wife. 这个人对我妻子太随便(太放肆)。
◆family n.
1. 表示“家庭”或“家人”,是集合名词,若视为整体,具有单数意义,若逐个考虑其个体,则具有复数意义。如:
His family are all tall. 他家的人都很高。
His family is very large [big]. 他家是个大家庭。
注:侧重指家庭成员的 family 有时还可以用 all, some之类的词修饰。如:
All my family enjoy skiing. 我全家都喜欢滑雪。
I’m moving to London because I have some family there. 我要搬到伦敦去住,因为我的一些家人住在那儿。
2. 有时 family 本身可有复数形式,但它表示的不是家里的多个人,而是指多个家庭。如:
The house was built for five families. 这座房子是盖成五户人家住的。
3. 表示“子女”,也是集合名词,一般不用复数形式。如:
A:Have you any family? 你有子女吗? B:I have a large family. 我子女众多。
3. 汉语中说“王家”、“张家”等,英语中通常说成:the Wangfamily, the Zhang family。比较:
The Brown family lived next to us. 布朗一家住在我们隔壁。
The Browns lived next to us. 布朗一家住在我们隔壁。