逍遥学能 2018-09-12 12:45
【导语】你手心里有交错的曲线和无来由的茧，那是岁月留下的痕迹。你站在行驶在岁月河流的船头上，表情坚毅，你无悔的付出终会让一段旅程熠熠闪光。逍遥右脑为你准备了《人教版高三英语上册必修二知识点：Unit 4 Making the News》助你成功！
一、重要单词用法例析
1. below prep. & adv. 在……下面，低于
Do not write below the line. 不要该横线下写字。
I live on the floor below. 我住在下一层。
2. concentrate vt. & vi. 集中于，专注
I tried my best to concentrate my thoughts on the problem. 我努力让自己集中思想在这个问题上。
3. meanwhile adv. 在此其间，与此同时
The train won’t leave for an hour. Meanwhile we can have lunch. 火车还有一个小时才开，其间我们可以吃中饭。
Tom was at home studying. Meanwhile, Jon was out playing. Tom在家学习，与时同时Jon外出玩耍。
搭配：in the meanwhile同时，在此期间
In the meanwhile I’ll visit an old friend of mine. 在这期间我将去拜访我的一位老朋友。
4. gifted adj. 有天分的; 有天赋的
He is a gifted musician. 他是天才音乐家。
5. seldom adv. 很少
There is seldom snow in Guangdong. 广东很少下雪。
He seldom goes out on Sundays, does he? 星期天他很少出去，对吗?
Seldom has there been such a happy meeting. 过去很少有过这样愉快的会议。
注意：(1)其后的反意疑问句用肯定式;(2)位于句首时，谓语用部分倒装。
6. occupation n. 职业;占用，占据
Teaching is me occupation. 教书是我的职业。
The old house is under my occupation. 这所旧宅现已为我所有。
辨析：occupation表示职业，较为正式，常用于表格;work工作，不可数名词;job职业，可数名词，可指单独一个任务，也可指工作职位;profession工作，是指需要特别技能/训练和高等教育的工作;trade是指手艺工。
7. eager adj. 渴望的，热切的
She is eager to go home. 她很想回家。
He is eager for a computer. 他渴望有台电脑。
辨析：be anxious to do sth 急于做……(强调着急)
8. acquire vt. 获得，取得
She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study. 她认真学习而精通英语。
9. deny vt. 不认，拒绝
He denied telling me. =He denied that he had told me. 他否认他告诉过我。
注意：后接动词作宾语时，只能用-ing形式。
10. employ vt. 雇用，使用
We employed a cook. 我们雇用了一个厨师。
How do you employ your spare time? 你是怎样利用你的空余时间的?
He is employed in watering the flowers. 他正忙于给花浇水。
11. cover vt. 盖，遍布，走，采访
The Red Army covered 500 kilometers one day. 红军一天要行走500公里。
All the papers like to cover the affairs of the famous persons. 很多报纸喜欢报道名人的韵事。
二、词组句型用法例析
1. accuse … of… 控告某人犯某罪
I accused Donny of stealing money. 我控告Donny偷盗。
2. so as to (do sth.) 为了……
We got up early so as to catch the first train. 我们早起以便坐上第一班车。
辨析：so as to…不能位于句首，此时可用in order to…
In order not to be late for school, we must get up early. 为了上学不迟到，我们须早起。
3. defend…against… 防卫……免受……
Our duty is to defend our country against the enemies. 我们的职责是保卫我们的国家免受敌人的侵袭。
4. have a nose for sth. 有探查或发现某事物的能力新课标第一网
That reporter has a nose for news. 那位记者对新闻特别敏感。
5. the same…as…./such…as…
He is such a kind man as all like. 他是个人人喜欢的善良的人。(as作like的宾语)
注：在定语从句中，先行词中包含有the same, such, so等时，要用as来引导;关系代词as在定语从句中作主语或宾语等。
比较：He is such a kind man that all like him. (that不作任何句子成分)
三、课文长句难句剖析
If the person being interviewed agrees, we sometimes use small recorders to make sure that we get all our facts straight.
剖析：being interviewed是现在分词的被动式做定语，修饰the person，相当于定语从句who is being interviewed;不定式短语to make sure that…作目的状语;句中的straight是副词，意为“直接地”。
译文：如果得到被采访人允许，我们有时使用小型录音机，保证我们能够直接记录下全部事实。
四、语法知识归纳
1. 全部倒装
就是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。全部倒装通常用于：
(1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首时
Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
(2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首时
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。
注意：
①主语必须是名词，而不能是代词。
②谓语动词通常是be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。
③谓语动词的时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时。
2. 部分倒装
就是指将谓语的一部分如助动词、情态动动词或be移到主语前。如果句子的谓语中没有这类词，则在主语前加助动词do, does或did，谓语动词用原形。部分倒装用于：
(1)否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等位于句首时。
Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。
注意：①hardly…when…, no sooner…than…或not only….but also…中，都是前一句倒装，后句不倒;②not until…后接时间状语从句时，从句不倒，主句倒。
真题：(1)Not until I began to work______ how much time I had waited. (全国)
A didn’t I realize B did I realize C I didn’t realize D I realized
解析：not until…位于句首，主句主谓要用部分倒装，排除C和D;not until句型中不再用否定，故选B。
(3)so, neither, nor表示“也”或“也不”时
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。
If you go to the park tomorrow, so will I. 如果你明天去公园，我也去。
He hasn’t gone there. Neither /Nor have you. 他没有去那里，你也没去。
注意：当so引出的句子是对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。如：
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。
—It’s raining hard. 雨下得真大。
—So it is.是呀。
(3)“only+状语”位于句首时
Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。
Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只有到那时我才意识到我错了。
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。
注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
(4)as引导让步从句时
必须将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。但需注意：
①句首名词不能带任何冠词。
②句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然是个孩子，但很懂事了。
(5)其他部分倒装
①so…that…句型中的so +adj. /adv.位于句首时。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。
真题：So difficult ______ it to live in an English speaking country that I determined to learn English well. (上海)
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
解析：so + adj.放在句首，用部分倒装，排除A和C;由determined可知用过去式，故选D。
②在某些表示祝愿的句型中。
May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。
③在虚拟条件句中有were, had, should等词时，可将if 省略，把were, had, should移到主语之前。
Were I you(=If I were you), I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。