逍遥学能 2014-05-13 10:21
在针对高考英语完形填空的备考中，有几点问题值得注意，小编为大家一一列出：
一、注意前后语境
考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。高考的完形填空题中绝大多数属这种题型。有的根据上文、有的根据下文、有的要上下文结合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。请看下面广东卷中的一个小题(题中保留了原题中的题号，下同)：
“As a matter of fact, I’ve got someone in the office at this very moment who might ___49___.” She wrote down a number, and held it out to me, saying: “Ring up this lady. She wants a cook immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.”
49. A. hire B. accept C. suit D. offer
【分析】根据下文，这个妇女告诉他第二天可以去上班了，可见，她认为作者是适合(suit)的。
二、注意固定搭配
考查考生对常见的英语固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配;动词与介词或副词的搭配;介词与名词的搭配等。这类搭配在高考完形填空中时有出现。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题：
I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them ___44___the telephone.
44. A. with B. by C. from D. on
【分析】表示“通过电话”交谈，用on the telephone 或by telephone，这是习惯搭配。
三、注意词语辨析
考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。四个选项词性相同，意义相近，要求我们在特定的语境中区分它们之间的细微差别。一般说来，其中的两个选项容易排除，难辨的是两个。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题：
Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his ___37___ qualities. First of all…
37. A. basic B. special C. common D. particular
【分析】根据句意很容易排除A和C;难辨的是B和D。special强调“与众不同的”，而particular指“值得注意的”，故选B。
四、注意行文逻辑
考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等。四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题：
Once he ___42___ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.
42. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only
【分析】从上下文看为了使教学有趣易懂，这位教授不仅仅会借助oil paintings, music, and guest lectures等方式，“甚至”(even)在课堂上还唱歌，属递进关系。
五、注意经验常识
考查考生在日常的学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识，以及一些基本的科学常识。请看下面北京卷中的一个小题(from www.nmet168.com)：
But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble ___45___.
A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing
【分析】跑得太多，其结果当然是上气不接下气，即呼吸(breathing)困难了，我们一般都会有这样的生活经历。
六、注意文章结构
考查考生对文章脉络层次的把握能力。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题：
First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching…___43___, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk…Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor.
43. A Later B. Secondly C. however D. Therefore
【分析】本文的写作结构很清楚：开篇点题——难忘的哲学教授;诸条陈述——何以难忘：前有First of all提起, 后有Finally落脚，那么中间只有用Secondly来过渡了。
七、注意逻辑推理
考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题：
He was reading my words out loud to the class…the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show ___53___, but what I was feeling was pure happiness…
53. A. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure
【分析】一个学生的作品被老师选中且在班上宣读时该会是怎样的心情? 那当然是“愉快”啦!
八、注意语法规则
考查考生语法知识的运用能力。近年来完形填空题中单纯考查语法知识的题一般不考，只是偶尔有个别考题。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题：
“Can I? I don’t think I can,” Tracy said with a laugh. “But l do have ___46___ when things come to me for no reason.”
46. A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments
【分析】由后面的when引导的定语从句可知，前面的先行词应是表时间的词，所以选moments。