逍遥学能 2018-03-12 18:51
Are you interested in finding ways to learn new things faster? Do you want to become a more effective and efficient learner? If you are like many students, your time is limited so it is important to get the most educational value out of the time you have available.
你是不是有兴趣寻找可以更快掌握知识的新方法呢?你想成为一个有更高效率的学习者吗?如果你像很多学生一样时间有限，那么在有限的时间获得最高的学习收益就是非常重要的。
Speed of learning is not the only important factor, however. Students need to be able to accurately remember the information they learn, recall it at a later time, and utilize it effectively in a wide variety of situations.
学习速度并不是唯一的重要因素。学生需要准确地记住他们学习的内容,可以在一段时间后回忆出来,并且在各种各样的情况下有效地利用它。
So what can you do to become a better learner? Becoming an effective and efficient student is not something that happens overnight, but putting a few of these tips into daily practice can help you get more out of your study time.
怎样可以成为一个更有效率的学习者呢?成为一个高效率的学习者并不是一蹴而就的,但选择以下的一些建议并勤加练习，你就可以在有限的时间内学到更多。
1 Memory Improvement Basics 提高记忆力的基本建议
Basic tips such as improving your focus, avoiding cram sessions, and structuring your study time are a good place to start, but there are even more lessons from psychology that can dramatically improve your learning efficiency. Check out some of these memory improvement tips to maximize your memorization and retention of new information.
您可以从提高注意力，避免补习班，合理安排学习时间等基本的技巧开始着手，也有一些心理学的课程可以显著地提高你的学习效率。运用这些改善记忆的建议,来最大化地提高你的记忆和保留信息的能力。
2 Keep Learning (and Practicing) New Things 学习新知识
Learning and practicing new skills helps your brain retain new information. One sure-fire way to become a more effective learner is to simply keep learning. A 2004 Nature article reported that people who learned how to juggle increased the amount of gray matter in their occipital lobes, the area of the brain is associated with visual memory. When these individuals stopped practicing their new skill, this gray matter vanished. So if you're learning a new language, it is important to keep practicing the language in order to maintain the gains you have achieved.
学习或练习一项新技能可以帮助你的大脑保持新信息。成为一个更高效学习者的有效方法就是不断地学习。2004年Nature的一篇文章曾报道,学习变戏法的人其枕叶灰质的量增加了，这片大脑区域与视觉记忆相关。当这些人停止练习新技能时,灰质会逐渐消失。因此如果你正在学习一种新语言。经常练习是非常重要的，可以帮助你巩固已学的知识。
3 Learn in Multiple Ways 用多种方式学习
Focus on learning in more than one way. Instead of just listening to a podcast, which involves auditory learning, find a way to rehearse the information both verbally and visually. This might involve describing what you learned to a friend, taking notes, or drawing a mind map. By learning in more than one way, you’re further cementing the knowledge in your mind.
采用不止一种的学习方法。不是仅仅听播客（包含听觉学习），找到一种可以在听觉上和视觉上巩固所学知识的方法。你可以对你的朋友描述你学到的知识，做笔记，画思维导图。通过多种方法学习,你会在头脑中进一步巩固所学知识。
4 Teach What You've Learned to Another Person 把你的所学教授给他人
Educators have long noted that one of the best ways to learn something is to teach it to someone else.Start by translating the information into your own words. This process alone helps solidify new knowledge in your brain. Next, find some way to share what you’ve learned. Some ideas include writing a blog post, creating a podcast, or participating in a group discussion.
教育者很早就指出,学习的最好方法之一就是教授给别人。首先把需要讲解的信息翻译成你自己的语言。这个过程有助于在你的大脑中巩固新知识。接着,找到一些合适的方法来分享你所学的东西。包括写一篇博客文章,创建一个播客,或参与讨论组。
5 Utilize Previous Learning to Promote New Learning 利用已学知识学习新知识
Another great way to become a more effective learner is to use relational learning, which involves relating new information to things that you already know. For example, if you are learning about Romeo and Juliet, you might associate what you learn about the play with prior knowledge you have about Shakespeare, the historical period in which the author lived, and other relevant information.
另外一种提高效率的有效方式是使用知识之间的联系进行学习。包括将新的知识与之前已学的知识联系起来。例如，如果你正在学习罗密欧和朱丽叶，你可能会将你需要学习的知识和之前你已经知道的莎士比亚的信息，其生活的历史时期，或者其他相关的信息联系起来。
6 Gain Practical Experience 收集实践经验
For many students, learning typically involves reading textbooks, attending lectures, or doing research in the library or on the Web. While seeing information and then writing it down is important, actually putting new knowledge and skills into practice can be one of the best ways to improve learning.
对于大部分学生来说，典型的学习包括阅读教材，参加讲座，或者在图书馆或者网站上做研究。但获取信息并将知识记录下来是非常重要的。实际上，将新的知识或技术运用到实际中是提高学习效果的一种好方法。
If you are trying to acquire a new skill or ability, focus on gaining practical experience. If you are learning a new language, practice speaking with another person and surround yourself with language-immersion experiences. Watch foreign-language films and strike up conversations with native speakers to practice your budding skills.
如果你正尝试学习一种新的技能，多关注实际经验的积累。如果是正在学习一种新的语言，与其他人一起练习口语，让自己沉浸在语言学习的环境中。看外语电影或尝试与母语人士交流来提高自己的能力。
7 Look Up Answers Rather Than Struggle to Remember 记忆不牢时，适时查阅答案
Of course, learning isn’t a perfect process. Sometimes, we forget the details of things that we have already learned. If you find yourself struggling to recall some tidbit of information, research suggests that you are better offer simply looking up the correct answer.
学习必然不是一个完美的过程，有时我们会忘记所学知识的一些细节。研究表明，你如果发现回忆一些知识的细节很费力，一个更好的选择便是直接查阅正确答案。
One study found that the longer you spend trying to remember the answer, the more likely you will be to forget the answer again in the future.
一项研究发现你记忆答案的时间越长，之后就越可能再次忘记。
8 Understand How You Learn Best
Another great strategy for improving your learning efficiency is to recognize your learning habits and styles. There are a number of different theories about learning styles, which can all help you gain a better understanding of how you learn best.
另外一种提高学习效率的有效方法是了解你自己的学习方式和风格。关于学习风格有很多不同的理论，这些学习风格的测试可以帮助你更加确定对自己最有效的学习方式。
9 Use Testing to Boost Learning以测试促进学习
Research has demonstrated that taking tests actually helps you better remember what you've learned, even if it wasn't covered on the test. The study revealed that students who studied and were then tested had better long-term recall of the materials, even on information that was not covered by the tests. Students who had extra time to study but were not tested had significantly lower recall of the materials.
研究表明测试可以帮助记忆已学的知识，甚至是测试上没有覆盖的知识也会得到巩固。研究结果表明在学习后做测试的学生对测试中覆盖和没有覆盖到的知识都有更牢固的长期记忆。那些有更多学习时间却没有参与测试环节的学生对知识的回忆能力明显低于前者。
10 Stop Multitasking 避免同时做多件事
For many years, it was thought that people who multitask, or perform more than one activity at once, had an edge over those who did not. However, research now suggests that multitasking can actually make learning less effective.
很多年以来，我们都认为那些可以同时做多件事，同时参与多项活动的人比同时只做一件事的人更有优势。然而最近的研究表明同时做多件事确实会使学习效率下降。
How can you avoid the dangers of multitasking? Start by focusing your attention on the task at hand and continue working for a predetermined amount of time.
你如何能保证避开同时做多件事的劣势呢？在一定的时间内专注于你手头的工作吧。
Final Thoughts 结语
Becoming a more effective learner can take time, and it always take practice and determination to establish new habits. Start by focusing on just a few of these tips to see if you can get more out of your next study session.
转变为一个更高效的学习者需要花费时间，建立新的习惯也需要投入实践和决心。尝试以上的一些建议看看下一学期的学习效率是不是会更高吧。