逍遥学能 2018-02-02 22:21
◆drown v.
表示“淹死”、“淹没”，可用作及物或不及物动词。如：
She drowned herself in the lake. 她投湖自杀了。
A drowning man will catch at a straw. 溺水者稻草也想攀。
He drowned while swimming in the sea. 他在大海里游泳时淹死了。
由于用作及物或不及物动词，在表示某人被淹死时，用主动语态或被动语态均可。如：
他上周星期日被淹死了。
正：He drowned last Sunday. (主动语态，不及物用法)
正：He was drowned last Sunday. (被动语态，及物用法)
注：比较而言，在现代英语中 drown用作及物动词的情形比用作不及物动词的情形要多。
◆due adj.
1. 表示“到期的”、“应付(给)的”、“到期应付的”，通常只用作表语。如：
The bill is due. 这张票据已到期。
My salary is due tomorrow. 我明天领薪。
表示应付给或应给予某人，通常与介词 to 连用。如：
A great deal of money is due to you. 要付给你一大笔钱。
Respect is due to older people. 年长者应受到尊重。
Our grateful thanks are due to you. 我们衷心感谢你。
2. 表示“预定的”、“约定的”、“预定要到达或发生的”，也通常用作表语。如：
When is the train due? 火车什么时候到?
I’m due for a pay rise soon. 我不久就要加薪了。
其后可接不定式。如：
The guests are due to arrive very soon. 客人很快就会到。
The meeting isn’t due to start until four. 会议预定要到四点才召开。
3. 表示“适当的”、“合适的”、“应得的”，通常只放在名词前作定语。如：
We should pay due attention to this problem. 我们应对这个问题给予适当的注意。
You must put these things in due order. 你必须把这些东西按适当的顺序放好。
4. 用于 due to(由于，因为)。按照传统语法 due to 主要引导表语，一般不引导状语。如：
His absence was due to the storm. 他因暴风雨而缺席。
Her success was due to her hard work. 她成功是因为她努力工作。
但是在现代英语中，due to 也可用来引导状语。如：
He was late due to the very heavy traffic. 由于交通拥挤他迟到了。
◆during prep.
1. 表示“在……期间”，是介词，不要将其误用作连词。如：
他在巴黎期间，与他的朋友住在一起。
误：During he was in Paris, he lived with his friends.
正：While he was in Paris, he lived with his friends.
正：During his stay in Paris, he lived with his friends.
由于 during 本身为介词，其后通常不再接介词短语。如：
误：During in Paris, he lived with his friends.
2. during 和 for 均可表示一段时间，但两者有差别：during 通常表示事件发生的在何时(when)，而 for则表示事件持续了多长时间(how long)。如：
He was in hospital for six weeks during the summer. 他在夏天住了六个星期的医院。
A：When did he die? 他是什么时候死的?
B：During the last war. 是在上次战争中。(此句不能用 for)
A：How long did you live there? 你在那儿住过多久?
B：For about three years. 大约三年。(此句不能用 during)